基于标杆管理的中国城市水效评估研究

基于标杆管理的思想,在城市分类的基础上,根据统计分布规律引入"上临界"和"下临界"概念,建立城市水效标杆。应用水效标杆对城市水效评估的结果表明,2007~2013年间,万元GDP水耗、人均综合水耗、万元工业总产值水耗和人均生活水耗4项城市水效指标的标杆上临界值、下临界值均呈下降趋势,其中万元GDP水耗上临界值、下临界值年均下降率分别为11.65%和13.08%,万元工业总产值水耗的上临界值、下临界值年均下降率分别为17.61%和18.53%,年均下降率都超过10%,表明我国城市水效总体不断提升。建议进一步完善城市水资源管理信息公开,建立基于标杆管理的城市水效评估机制。

Research of China's Urban Water Utilization Efficiency Evaluation Based on Benchmarking

In this paper, on the basis of the idea of benchmarking management and city classification, the concepts of "upper critical value" and "lower critical value" were introduced to evaluate China's urban water utilization efficiency and benchmarking set up according to the statistical distribution discipline. The evaluation results showed that from 2007 to 2013, the upper critical value and the lower critical value of such four water utilization efficiency indicators as water consumption per unit GDP (10000 CNY), water consumption per unit industrial output (10000 CNY), water consumption per capita and residential living water consumption per capita all declined. Especially, the upper critical value and the lower critical value of water consumption per unit GDP (10000 CNY) decreased averagely by 11.65% and 13.08% annually, and that of water consumption per unit industrial output (10000 CNY) decreased averagely by 17.61% and 18.53% annually, with annual average drop rate over 10%, indicating that the overall water utilization efficiency was improved increasingly. Therefore, it was suggested that information disclosure of urban water source management be further improved and urban water efficiency evaluation mechanism be established on the basis of benchmarking management.