人工替代栖息地对长江口湿地的补充作用研究

利用恢复生态学和景观生态学原理构建人工替代栖息地是恢复和重建生物栖息地环境的重要手段之一,是用于滨海河口区修复或重建滩涂湿地等栖息地的一种替代方法。人工替代栖息地构建出了接近自然原貌的人工系统,创造一种湿地植被和湿地动物可以协调共存的生境,不仅可以为鸟类资源和渔业资源提供良好的栖息环境,其中多样化组合的植被群落在滨水景观、水质净化等方面也起到了重要的作用,对长江口自然湿地的恢复和自然保护区的动态管理具有不可忽视的补充作用。在迁徙鸟类重要中转驿站,珍稀或者经济鱼类的洄游通道,特殊价值的重要湿地景观格局以及水资源战略储备区域中布局人工替代栖息地,可以发挥其对长江口湿地的补充作用,使高度开放而又极为敏感的长江河口地区循着生态健康道路发展。

Study of the Complementary Role of Artificial Alternative Habitat to the Yangtze Estuary Wetland

Artificial alternative habitat by utilization of restoration ecology and landscape ecology theories is a type of habitat reconstruction or habitat alternative method for dealing with habitat loss in coastal estuary or the loss of tidal flats. It creates an artificial system close to the nature as well as a habitat for coordination and co-existence of wetland vegetation and animals. The construction of artificial alternative habitat provides a favorable habitat for fish and bird. Moreover, the diverse vegetation communities in the artificial alternative habitat plays an important role in water purification and landscape construction. It is also unneglectably complementary for restoration of the natural wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary and dynamic management of the nature reserves. The artificial alternative habitat is applicable for the arrangement in the key transit point or wintering grounds of bird migration, the migration channels of cherish or economic fishes, the important landscape layout with special value, and the strategic reserve zones of water resources. The complementary role of artificial alternative habitat played in the Yangtze Estuary makes it proceed along a healthy and steady development for the Yangtze Estuary region which is highly opened but rather sensitive.