基于污染控制的畜禽养殖场适度规模的理论分析

当前，规模化逐渐成为我国畜禽养殖业发展的主要思路，而现实中大规模养殖在带来经济效益的同时也带来了严重的环境污染。从污染控制的角度看是否存在最优养殖规模成为一个需要研究的问题。基于耕地对氮磷的承载能力、运输成本、排污费等变量构建了数理模型，探讨追求利润最大化的畜禽养殖场的最优规模问题。结果表明：在养殖场自由选择养殖规模时，出售一个养殖单位获得的经济收益越高、耕地对处理剩余物的承载能力越大，则最优养殖规模越大；而一个养殖单位的直接生产成本和粪便处理成本越高、畜禽粪便经处理后的剩余物越多、运输成本越高、排污费越高，则最优规模越小。在养殖规模既定的情况下，提高排污收费时畜禽养殖场将提高其处理剩余物的还田处置比例。最后，指出在畜禽粪便处理技术难以有效去除氮磷、对养殖场是否合理处置最终剩余物难以监管的条件下，对养殖场进行规模控制将是畜禽养殖污染控制的一个政策方向

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE OPTIMAL SCALE OF LIVESTOCK FARM: A PERSPECTIVE OF POLLUTION CONTROLLING

At present,it is becoming the mainstream to develop large-scale livestock farms in China.However,large-scale livestock farms not only make great economic benefits,but also cause heavy environment pollution.Then,it is a key problem whether there is an optimal scale for livestock farms from the view of the pollution controlling.Based on the N/P capacity of the farmland,transport cost,pollution charge and other variables,a mathematical model was built to analyze the optimal scale of a livestock farm that would...