Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with particle size in urban aerosols at the roadside in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia;2. Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh University of Science, Vietnam National University, Viet Nam;3. School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia;4. International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia;5. HCM City Environmental Protection Agency (HEPA), Viet Nam;1. Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;5. Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;6. Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to characterize size distributions of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with 4–6 rings at the roadside in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ten PAHs (fluoranthene, pyrene, triphenylene, benzoa]anthracene, chrysene, benzob]fluoranthene, benzok]fluoranthene, benzoa]pyrene, benzoghi]perylene and indeno1,2,3-cd]pyrene) in atmospheric particulate matters (PM) at the roadside were measured in the dry and rainy seasons in 2005 at Ho Chi Minh City, using a low-pressure cascade impactor. The PM were separated into nine fractions by their aerodynamic diameter, i.e. >9.0, 9.0–5.8, 5.8–4.7, 4.7–3.3, 3.3–2.1, 2.1–1.1, 1.1–0.7, 0.7–0.4 and <0.4 μm (a final filter). PAHs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Total PAHs measured were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The mass of coarse particles occupied a higher fraction than that of fine particles in both seasons. Total PAHs were mainly concentrated in particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 0.4 μm. The particle size distributions of PAHs investigated were bi-modal with a peak in fine particle mode (<2.1 μm) and another peak in coarse particle mode (>2.1 μm). Generally, 5,6-ring PAHs associated mainly with fine particles and 4-ring PAHs spread out in both fine and coarse particles. |
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