Variability of atmospheric pesticide concentrations between urban and rural areas during intensive pesticide application |
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| Institution: | 1. Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain;2. Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;3. Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain;4. Instituto Universitario UHM-CEAM, C/Charles Darwin, 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;5. Atmospheric Pesticide Research Group of Valencia, Spain;1. Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Wallace Building, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada;2. Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada, 6248 Eighth Line, Egbert, Ontario L0L 1N0, Canada;3. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden;4. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada;5. Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;6. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Wallace Building, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada;7. Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resource, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland |
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| Abstract: | Intensive pesticide use leads to the contamination of water, soil and atmosphere. Atmospheric transport is responsible for pesticide dispersal over long distances. In this study, we evaluate the local dispersal of pesticides from agricultural to urban areas. For this purpose, three high-volume samplers, each equipped with a glass fiber filter and XAD-2 resin for the sampling of particulate and gas phase have been placed in a south-west transect (predominant wind direction) characteristic of rural and urban areas. The urban site (Strasbourg centre) is situated in the middle of two rural sites. Samples were taken simultaneously at three sites during pesticide treatments in autumn and spring 2002–2003. Sampling took place for 24 h at a flow rate of 10–15 m3 h−1. The pesticides studied were those commonly used in the Alsace region for all crops (maize, cereal, vines …). Many of the pesticides analysed in atmospheric samples were not detected or observed very episodically at very low concentrations. For metolachlor, alachlor, trifluralin, atrazine and diflufenican, higher concentrations were observed, essentially during the application of these compounds. Moreover, some “spraying peaks” were observed for alachlor in the south rural site (near crops) at a level of 31 ng m−3 on 16–17 May 2003. These results show site and time dependence of atmospheric contamination by pesticides. A limited dispersal was also observed especially in the urban area during the application periods of pesticides. |
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