Reference values for structure emissions measured on site in new residential buildings in Finland |
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| Institution: | 1. VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland;3. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 93, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland;3. Division of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri;4. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado;1. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University (AU), Denmark;2. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Sweden;3. Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Sweden;4. Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Norway;5. Norwegian Institute of Public Health (FHI), Norway;6. Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Finland;7. Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland;1. Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Mines Douai, SAGE, F-59508 Douai, France;2. Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;3. Université de Strasbourg/CNRS. Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515, F-67087 Strasbourg, France;4. Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), UMR 7362, F-67087 Strasbourg, France;5. Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement - LASIE FRE 3474 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France;6. Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l?Atmosphère, F-59655 Villeneuve d?Ascq, France |
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| Abstract: | A 3-year research project was established in 1999 to create numerical reference data for material emissions during the time of construction and during the first year. Seven buildings, representing the present construction practice in Finland, were investigated. Material emissions were measured by using the field and laboratory cell (FLEC) during the time of construction, in the newly finished, and in the 6- and 12-month-old buildings. The emission rates for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, and ammonia were determined.The highest total VOCs (TVOC) emissions were measured in the newly finished buildings from the ceiling structure and from some of the PVC floor coverings. These emissions were up to 1300–2000 μg m?2 h?1. Individual VOCs with emission rates above 50 μg m?2 h?1 included 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol and its acetate, C4–C16-substituted alkylbenzenes, and xylenes. The mean TVOC emission decreased at least to the Finnish M1-class level (200 μg m?2 h?1) from all surfaces and in all the buildings in 6–12 months. The ammonia and formaldehyde emissions from the ceiling structure were 20–60 μg m?2 h?1 in the newly finished buildings and the M1-levels (30/50 μg m?2 h?1) were exceeded in some cases. These emissions even increased in some buildings during the follow-up period indicating the difference between emissions measured in the laboratory and on site from real structures. Reference values based on the means and 95th percentile are presented to be utilised in both quality control and while investigating indoor air quality problems which are suspected to be caused by a defect structure. |
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