The impact of NOx,CO and VOC emissions on the air quality of Zurich airport |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;2. Unique (Flughafen Zürich AG), Postfach, 8058 Zürich-Flughafen, Switzerland;3. Department of Geosciences, University of Houston, 4800, Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204-5007, USA;1. Département de Géographie, Faculté des Sciences Humaines, Université Saint-Joseph, Liban;2. Institut de Chimie et Procédé pour l''Energie, l''Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES, UMR 7515 CNRS/Unistra), Equipe de Physico-chimie de l''atmosphère, 67087, Strasbourg, France;3. Unité de Recherche Environnement, Génomique et Protéomique (UR-EGP), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Liban;1. Anadolu University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Eskisehir, TR 26470, Turkey;2. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada;1. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;2. Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy;2. ARPAT-Environmental Protection Agency of Tuscany, Via Ponte alle Mosse 211, 50144 Florence, Italy |
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| Abstract: | To study the impact of emissions at an airport on local air quality, a measurement campaign at the Zurich airport was performed from 30 June 2004 to 15 July 2004. Measurements of NO, NO2, CO and CO2 were conducted with open path devices to determine real in-use emission indices of aircraft during idling. Additionally, air samples were taken to analyse the mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Temporal variations of VOC mixing ratios on the airport were investigated, while other air samples were taken in the plume of an aircraft during engine ignition. CO concentrations in the vicinity of the terminals were found to be highly dependent on aircraft movement, whereas NO concentrations were dominated by emissions from ground support vehicles. The measured emission indices for aircraft showed a strong dependence upon engine type. Our work also revealed differences from emission indices published in the emission data base of the International Civil Aviation Organisation. Among the VOC, reactive C2–C3 alkenes were found in significant amounts in the exhaust of an engine compared to ambient levels. Also, isoprene, a VOC commonly associated with biogenic emissions, was found in the exhaust, however it was not detected in refuelling emissions. The benzene to toluene ratio was used to discriminate exhaust from refuelling emission. In refuelling emissions, a ratio well below 1 was found, while for exhaust this ratio was usually about 1.7. |
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