Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air in the Philippines derived from passive sampler with polyurethane foam disk |
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| Institution: | 1. National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea;2. Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines in Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines;3. Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon Ave., 1100, Quezon City, Philippines;4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, 14028, Republic of Korea;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. SRM Research Institute, SRM University, India;3. Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;1. Netherlands Organization for Applied Research, TNO, Utrecht, the Netherlands;2. Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada;3. IRAS - Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;4. Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada;5. Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, 525 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X3, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Passive samplers with polyurethane disks (PUF) were applied in the determination of the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air in six residential areas in the Philippines during four simultaneous sampling periods. The uptake profiles of PAHs were determined at one site during one sampling period. Most of the PAHs that were detected in air at concentrations that were significantly higher than their analytical detection limits exhibited a linear uptake trend on the PUF disk. The linear uptake profiles of some high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were not established and this is attributed to the low concentration of the compounds in air in the gaseous phase. The retention concentrations of phenanthrene-d-10 were determined after depuration in four sampling sites during two sampling periods. The sampling rate for phenanthrene-d-10 was calculated at the linear phase of the uptake using the kA derived from depuration experiments and the relationship of kA and sampling rate which was established in a previous passive sampling study. The average sampling rate obtained for phenanthrene d-10 (2.94±0.69 m3 d?1) was applied for derivation of the concentrations of the PAHs in the field samples.The passive sampler with PUF disk and short integration time of 42–56 days is applicable for the derivation of the concentrations of PAHs in ambient air in the Philippines. The concentrations of the organic pollutants derived from the passive sampler showed variability for the six residential areas; reflecting the influence of possible sources of emission of the pollutants at the sites at the different sampling periods. The weather conditions, including the occurrence of a tropical cyclone, increased rainfall and high-relative humidity during the rainy season, had an influence on the concentrations of PAHs derived by the passive sampler. |
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