上海城区六种林地凋落物中土壤动物群落结构

为探究上海城区不同林地凋落物中土壤动物的群落组成、群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系,于2014年4月~2015年1月分四个季度,对上海市建成年代较久的不同林地凋落物层土壤动物群落进行调查,共捕获凋落物土壤动物9 391只,隶属于2门11纲21个类群,其中优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲,两个类群共占总密度的90.31%,常见类群为双翅目、寡毛纲和等足目,占总密度的的5.29%。不同林地凋落物中土壤动物密度存在极显著差异(F=146.31,P0.01),其中香樟悬铃木林土壤动物密度最高,水杉林密度最低。此外各林地土壤动物季节动态表现出一定的差异性。密度-类群指数大小顺序为香樟悬铃木林(4.62)悬铃木林(2.69)香樟杨树林(1.86)香樟林(1.36)香樟水杉林(0.91)水杉林(0.85),该顺序可以较好地表征各林地的群落多样性。CCA分析显示凋落物有机碳、生物量、表土含水量、温度是影响城市林地凋落物土壤动物群落的主要环境因子,不同类群对环境因子适应程度不同。

SOIL FAUNA COMMUNITY IN THE LITTER OF SIX WOODLANDS IN SHANGHAI URBAN AREA

In order to explore the composition and community diversity of soil fauna and the relationship with environmental factors in different urban woodlands, soil fauna in the litters of different urban woodlands which were built several decades ago in Shanghai were investigated across four seasons from April 2014 to January 2015. A total of 9391 soil individual faunas which belong to three phyla, 11 classes and 21 groups were collected. The dominant groups were Arcarinan and Collembola, accounting for 90.31% of the total density. The common groups were Diptera and OligochaetaIsopoda, accounting for 5.29% of the total density. Besides, the seasonal dynamic of soil fauna in every urban woodland was different. There was a significant difference (F=146.31, P<0.01) among soil fauna density in the six urban woodlands, and the highest density was found in Cinnamomum camphora and Platanus woodland, while the lowest density was found in Metasequoia glyptostroboides woodland. Density-group index was ranked as:Cinnamomum camphora and Platanus woodland (4.62) > Platanus woodland (2.69) > Cinnamomum camphora and Populus woodland (1.86) > Cinnamomum camphora woodland (1.36) > Cinnamomum camphora and Metasequoia glyptostroboides woodland (0.91) > Metasequoia glyptostroboides woodland (0.85). Community diversities of soil fauna in every urban woodland could be displayed preferably by this index. From CCA analysis, we could find that litter total organic carbon, litter biomass, surface soil water content, temperature were the main environmental factors which influenced soil fauna communities in litter layers of different urban forests. Besides, different soil fauna groups had different adaptability to the environmental factors.