不同品种油葵在镉严格管控类耕地的安全利用探索

为探索油葵在镉(Cd)严格管控类耕地安全利用的可行性，采用田间实验，研究了15个品种油葵的生长效应、各部分Cd富集能力差异，并评估了该油葵所产食用油的安全性。结果表明，油葵对Cd有一定的耐性，不同品种油葵地上部生物量在1 605~5 500 kg·hm⁻²；油葵中Cd质量分数在非食用部分的分布为茎叶>花盘>油枯；油枯、花盘和茎叶的生物富集系数(BCF)分别在2.07~5.20、7.03~14.87和4.20~11.56，均表现出较大差异。所有品种油葵食用油部分均未超过欧盟食品限量标准中规定的限值(Cd≤0.1 mg·kg⁻¹)，并且其富集能力极低。通过对不同品种油葵Cd富集能力的聚类分析、Cd提取量与修复效率的分析，在Cd严格管控类耕地上边利用、边修复较合适的是Y13和Y4品种。所有品种油葵的茎叶、花盘和油枯的Cd质量分数均超过了国家规定的饲料标准(Cd≤1 mg·kg⁻¹)和有机肥料标准(Cd≤3 mg·kg⁻¹)，直接还田存在较高风险，需要另外处理。本研究可为Cd严格管控类耕地的安全利用提供参考。

Exploration on safe utilization of different varieties of oil sunflowers in cultivated land with strict cadmium control

In order to explore the feasibility of the safe use of oil sunflowers in Cd strictly controlled cultivated land, field experiments were used to study the growth effects of 15 oil sunflower varieties and the difference in Cd accumulation capacity of each part, and to evaluate the safety of edible oil. The results showed that oil sunflowers are tolerant to Cd. The aboveground biomass of different varieties of oil sunflowers is 1605~5500 kg·hm−2, the distribution of Cd content in the non-edible parts of oil sunflowers is: stems and leaves>flower discs>oil cake. The bioconcentration coefficients (BCF) of oil cake, flower discs and stems and leaves are 2.07~5.20, 7.03~14.87 and 4.20~11.56, respectively, showing great differences. The edible oil part of all varieties of oil sunflowers did not exceed the limit specified in the European Union food limit standard (Cd≤0.1 mg·kg−1), and its enrichment capacity is extremely low. Through the cluster analysis of the Cd enrichment capacity of different varieties of oil sunflower, the Cd extraction amount and the remediation efficiency, the Y13 and Y4 varieties are more suitable for use and restoration on the strictly controlled Cd cultivated land. The Cd content of the stems and leaves, flower discs and oil cake of all oil sunflower varieties exceeds Hygienical standard for feeds (Cd≤1 mg·kg−1) and Organic fertilizers (Cd≤3 mg·kg−1), and there is a higher risk of returning directly to the field and requires additional treatment. This study can provide a reference for the safe use in cultivated land with strict cadmium control.