抚仙湖一级支流尖山河小流域的面源污染物贡献特征

对云南省抚仙湖尖山河小流域降雨量以及坡耕地、梯坪地、灌草丛、人工林和次生林5种土地类型及村庄和道路等非生产用地产生的地表径流量和泥沙量进行了定位观测,并对地表径流和泥沙中所含面源污染物进行了测定.结果表明:①6～10月份是该流域出现较大阵雨的主要时期,2006年6～10月份降雨量占全年降雨总量的83.2%,这一时期是产生水土流失和面源污染的主要时期.②坡耕地和人工林是地表径流和泥沙产生的主要场所.坡耕地的地表径流和泥沙产生量分别占小流域产生总量的22.97%和62.96%,人工林的地表径流和泥沙产生量分别占小流域产生总量的34.69%和16.76%.③尖山河小流域面源污染物主要来源于坡耕地和人工林.在坡耕地和人工林,随地表径流产生的面源污染物TN、TP和COD分别占流域产生总量的75.01%、51.63%和66.42%,随泥沙产生的TN、TP和有机质分别占流域产生总量的74.12%、73.18%和62.14%.④村庄和道路等非生产用地单位面积的面源污染物产生量较高,但由于总面积较小,在流域面源污染物产生总量中的比例很小,TN和TP分别只占产生总量的3.98%和1.05%.在流域中所占面积很少的坡耕地(仅占7%)却成了面源污染产生的主要场所.

The contribution of non-point pollution in the Jianshan River watershed,the first branch of Fuxian Lake

This research was undertaken in the Jianshan River watershed of Fuxian Lake,Yunnan Province to analyze the contribution of non-point source pollution to the watershed from different land use types,and to put forward control countermeasures for the non-point source pollution.Surface runoff and sediment were determined,and non-point source pollutants were tested in sloped farmland,terraces,shrub land,grass land,artificial forest,natural secondary forest,villages and roads.Heavy showers occur mainly from June ...