湖北省主要大中型水库富营养状况及特征分析

水库在城市供水、工业用水、水产养殖、农业灌溉、水利防汛以及景观旅游等方面发挥着重要的作用，但随着社会经济的发展，部分水库的富营养化状况日益严重，成为影响社会经济发展的重大环境问题。通过在2010年的3、6、7、10月对湖北省30座主要大中型水库进行布点采样，对水体的水质状况分别进行了调查、监测，采用《地表水环境质量标准》湖库标准进行水质类别分析，采用湖库营养状态指数法对湖泊富营养化评价, 并运用因子聚类分析方法对这些水库进行了类型划分。结果表明：30座大、中型水库有14座水库水质类别为Ⅱ类~Ⅲ类, 占467%; 有8座水库水质类别为IV类，占267%；有8座水库水质类别为Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类，占267%；除白云湖水库为轻富营养化外，其余29座水库均属中营养状态；氨氮、磷作为营养物质是这些水库富营养化的主要影响因素，溶解氧对水体富营养化有重要影响，总氮、水温和有机物污染对水体富营养化产生较大影响；30座水库聚类分为城市工业废水污染源型、生活污水污染源型、农业非点源污染源型和养殖轻污染型4种水库类型。针对水库的污染类型，分别提出了减缓防治措施

EUTROPHICATION AND WATER CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE AND MEDIUM-SIZED RESERVOIRS IN HUBEI PROVINCE

The reservoirs play important roles in the city water supply,industrial water,aquaculture,agricultural irrigation,flood control and tourism landscape.In recent years,with the development of national economy and society,eutrophication of reservoirs has become a serious environmental problem which negatively affects the economic development around the reservoir areas.In order to understand the changes of water environment in reservoirs,we measured a set of water quality variables,such as water temperature,transparency,permanganate index,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,chlorophyll a content in 30 reservoirs of Hubei Province,China.The above reservoirs were sampled in March,June,July and October,2010.The monitoring result of water quality was evaluated with the Basic Analytical Methods of Environmental Quality Standards for surface water,and the nutrition state was evaluated with eutrophication index for lake and reservoir;the influence of some environmental factors on eutrophication was analyzed by factors cluster analysis,and some types of the reservoirs were established.The results showed that water qualities of 14 reservoirs were Grade Ⅱto Grade Ⅲ,8 reservoirs were Grade IV and 8 reservoirs were Grade Ⅴ;except for the water of Baiyunhu reservoir which was light eutrophication,water of the rest 29 reservoirs were in mesotrophication.The key factors for reservoir eutrophication were ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus;the dissolved oxygen,total nitrogen,water temperature,permanganate index also contributed a lot for the eutrophication.Four types of the polluted reservoirs were clustered according to their source of pollutants,including industrial waste water pollution source,sewage source,agricultural non-point pollution sources and light pollution source of reservoir breeding.Based on their pollutants source,different suggestions were provided to decrease or prevent them from the pollution.