草原煤矸石堆放的生态环境问题及其治理措施综述

综述了内蒙古自治区煤矸石排放对草原生态系统造成的危害,比较了物理、化学和生物学方法对治理煤矸石的优缺点,重点分析了丛枝菌根真菌技术在煤矸石山生态重建中的应用及其意义,并提出了当前研究工作中存在的问题及以后的研究重点。

Research review on controlling measures and eco-environmental problems caused by disorderly discharging coal-mine spoils in grassland

Inner Mongolia is rich in coal resources and in turn has brought about enormous economic benefits for the country as well as to the local people.However,disorderly discharge of coal gangue and other mining wastes has also caused serious eco-environmental problems,such as the shrinking of grassland,air pollution,water and soil degradation,in addition to the destruction of the beautiful natural landscape.It comes from this great worry that this paper has dedicated itself to a review of the environmental problems in this way.Compared the advantages and disadvantages of physical,chemical and biological methods,available for controlling coal mine spoils,it is possible to find that physical methods can potentially be used to improve the environment of plant growth and the survival rate of plants,though it may call for the increase of investment to limit its detriment to the substrate.Chemical methods can also be used to improve the substrate and vegetation of the grassland effectively,however,it may involve a great more complication and more constraining factors and even cause further land and resource contamination.Therefore,it is recommended to take an integrated approach to reduce the cost and at the same time bring about significant ecological,economic and social benefits.It is just starting from this point of view that we have made in this paper a practical analysis of the possibility to grow arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) to promote the ecological reconstruction of coal mine spoils.The reason for our recommendation is that at present,the plant has already shown great promise in helping the ecological restoration of mining areas.It can help to enhance the soil fertility,improve the soil structure and increase its biological activity.In addition,it can also contribute to the maintenance of plant biodiversity as well as ecosystem structure and function.In one word,it has a great potentiality for practical application in the remediation of coal spoil banks and other degraded lands.Of course,there are still more urgent issues in the process of controlling the eco-environmental problems and recovering the vegetation of coal-mining spoiled areas in the grassland mining areas.