Sorption of polar and nonpolar organic contaminants by oil-contaminated soil |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany;2. Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Via delle Calabrie, Salerno, Italy;3. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;1. Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdul-Aziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;3. Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;4. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 712-749, South Korea;5. Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;6. School of Chemical and Material Engineering, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Sorption of nonpolar (phenanthrene and butylate) and polar (atrazine and diuron) organic chemicals to oil-contaminated soil was examined to investigate oil effects on sorption of organic chemicals and to derive oil–water distribution coefficients (Koil). The resulting oil-contaminated soil–water distribution coefficients (Kd) for phenanthrene demonstrated sorption-enhancing effects at both lower and higher oil concentrations (Coil) but sorption-reducing (competitive) effects at intermediate Coil (approximately 1 g kg−1). Rationalization of the different dominant effects was attempted in terms of the relative aliphatic carbon content which determines the accessibility of the aromatic cores to phenanthrene. Little or no competitive effect occurred for butylate because its sorption was dominated by partitioning. For atrazine and diuron, the changes in Kd at Coil above approximately 1 g kg−1 were negligible, indicating that the presently investigated oil has little or no effect on the two tested compounds even though the polarity of the oil is much less than soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, specific interactions with the active groups (aromatic and polar domains) are dominantly responsible for the sorption of polar sorbates, and thus their sorption is controlled by available sorption sites. This study showed that the oil has the potential to be a dominant sorptive phase for nonpolar pollutants when compared to SOM, but hardly so for polar compounds. The results may aid in a better understanding of the role of the aliphatic and aromatic domains in sorption of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants. |
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