磷石膏和碱蓬对盐渍化土壤水盐及细菌群落结构的影响

盐渍土改良是农田土壤环境不可忽视的重要问题，土壤盐分的改变势必会影响土壤细菌群落.试验基于河套灌区中度盐渍土，以当地无改良措施枸杞园为对照(CK),设施加磷石膏(LSG)、枸杞间种碱蓬(JP)及施加磷石膏和枸杞间种碱蓬(LSG+JP)的改良处理，探究枸杞生育期内不同改良方式对土壤水分、盐分、养分和细菌群落结构多样性的影响.结果表明，相较CK,在开花期至落叶期LSG+JP显著降低了土壤EC值和pH值(P<0.05),平均降低39.96%和7.25%;全生育期内LSG+JP显著提高了土壤有机质(OM)和速效磷(AP)含量(P<0.05),年平均提高81.85%和203.50%;开花期和落叶期LSG+JP显著提高了全氮(TN)含量(P<0.05),年平均提高48.91%.改良初期LSG+JP的Shannon指数较CK提高了3.31%和6.54%,Chao1指数较CK提高了24.95%和43.26%;土壤优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门，优势菌属为鞘脂单胞菌属.开花期至落叶期改良处理的变形菌门相对丰度较CK增加了0.50%～16.27%,改良处理的放线菌门相对...

Effects of Phosphogypsum and Suaeda salsa on the Soil Moisture, Salt, and Bacterial Community Structure of Salinized Soil

The improvement of saline soil is an important issue that cannot be ignored in the farmland soil environment. The change in soil salinity will inevitably affect the soil bacterial community. This experiment was based on moderately saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area, conducted by applying phosphogypsum (LSG), interplanting Suaeda salsa with Lycium barbarum (JP) and applying phosphogypsum and interplanting S. salsa with L. barbarum (LSG+JP),and the local unimproved soil of a L. barbarum orchard was used as the control (CK), to explore the effects of different improvement methods on soil moisture, salinity, nutrients, and bacterial community structure diversity during the growth period of L. barbarum. The results showed that compared with that under CK, the LSG+JP treatment significantly decreased the soil EC value and pH value from the flowering stage to the deciduous stage (P<0.05), with an average decrease of 39.96% and 7.25%, respectively; the LSG+JP treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and available phosphorus (AP) content during the whole growth period (P<0.05), with an average annual increase of 81.85% and 203.50%, respectively. The total nitrogen (TN) content was significantly increased in the flowering and deciduous stages (P<0.05), with an annual average increase of 48.91%. The Shannon index of LSG+JP in the early stage of improvement was increased by 3.31% and 6.54% compared with that of CK, and the Chao1 index was increased by 24.95% and 43.26% compared with that of CK, respectively. The dominant bacteria in the soil were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, and the dominant genus was Sphingomonas. Compared with that in CK, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the improved treatment increased by 0.50%-16.27% from the flowering stage to the deciduous stage, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the improved treatment increased by 1.91%-4.98% compared with that in CK in the flowering and full-fruit stages. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that pH, water content (WT), and AP were important factors affecting bacterial community composition, and the correlation heatmap showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and EC values were significantly negatively correlated (P<0.001); Actinobacteria and Nitrospirillum were significantly negatively correlated with EC values (P<0.01). In conclusion, the application of phosphogypsum and interplanting S. salsa with L. barbarum (LSG+JP) could significantly reduce soil salinity, increase nutrients, and improve the diversity of soil bacterial community structure, which is beneficial to the long-term improvement of saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area and the maintenance of soil ecological health.