上海市从源头到龙头的饮用水新型污染物分布特征及健康风险评价

通过监测饮用水新型污染物从源头到龙头的分布情况，研究明确了藻毒素、内分泌干扰物和抗生素三类新型污染物在各供水环节中的浓度情况，并对各类新型污染物对人体的健康风险开展评价工作.结果表明，进厂水中的藻毒素主要以MC-RR和MC-LR为主，内分泌干扰物仅为双酚S和雌酮两种.经过水厂处水工艺后，上述污染物可得到有效的去除.监测期间，除2020年1月检出磺胺类抗生素，其余时段的抗生素类型主要以氟甲砜霉素(FF)为主.FF的去除效果对氯的形态有较明显的相关性，自由氯消毒相对于化合氯消毒，对FF的去除效果较为良好.藻毒素的风险度、内分泌干扰物的非致癌风险值和抗生素的风险商值均远小于1,尤其在二次供水环节，表明这三类饮用水新型污染物对人体健康均不构成直接威胁.

Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants from Raw Water to Drinking Water in Shanghai

By monitoring the distribution of emerging contaminants in drinking water from the source to the tap, the concentration of algal toxins, endocrine disruptors, and antibiotics in each water supply link were determined, and the health risks of emerging contaminants to the human body were evaluated. The results showed that algal toxins in the waterworks inflow were mainly MC-RR and MC-LR, whereas the only endocrine disruptors in the waterworks inflow were bisphenol-s and estrone. The algal toxins were removed completely after the water treatment process in the waterworks, whereas a small number of endocrine disruptors were detected in the treated water. The antibiotic concentrations in Jinze raw water were much higher than that in Qingcaosha raw water. The antibiotics were removed effectively after the water treatment process in the waterworks. During the monitoring period, florfenicol (FF) was mainly detected, except in January 2020 when a large number of sulfa antibiotics were detected. The removal effect of FF was obviously correlated with the form of chlorine. Compared with that of combined chlorine disinfection, free chlorine disinfection had a better effect on the removal of FF. The health risk numbers of algal toxins, endocrine disruptors, and antibiotics were far less than 1, especially in the secondary water supply. The results showed that the three emerging contaminants in drinking water did not pose a direct threat to human health.