关于Ramsey模型及其改进的研究和启示

缺水已经成为我国经济发展和社会进步的重要制约因素之一．而对水价的制定到对水资源的利用效率起科十分关键的作用。本文通过对Ramsey模型及其改进的研究．得出如下启示．即实行阶梯水价既有利于实现杜会福利的优化，也可以起到节约水资源的效果。由于阶梯水价机制的设计可以为制度安排、资本进入和市场运行提供更大的弹性空间．因此．本文的政策含义是：在实施阶梯水价的背景下．政府只需对基量水价按边际成本的定价原则来严格规制．从而有效提升水务市场的运行效率。上述举措的优点在于：由于基量水价被严格规制．消费者的基本用水福利可以得到满足；超过基本用水量的水价和再生水价的相对放松规制会鼓励社会资本进入水务行业．使行业运营效率得到提高；国有资本退出水务行业使得政府财政负担减轻，同时．由于放松规制．政府的规制成本也得以降低。最终城市水务行业可以真正做到可持续的发展。

Ramsey Model and Its Application in Water Pricing

- Water shortage has become one of the most serious problems that confine China's economic development and social progress. Water pricing plays a key role in promoting the efficiency in using water rescource. By studying Ramsey Model and its extension, this paper shows how the nonlinear pricing method can be applied to water pricing in order to improve social welfare in the long run. Since the step tariff system of water price can provide much more room for government institutional design, private capital entrance and market operation, the paper makes the following policy implications. Based on the step tariff system, the government only needs to regulate the price for basic water consumption and relax the price regulation on the water above this level. The strict regulation of water price at the basic consumption level can satisfy the welfare requirement of consumers. And the marketization in the sector above the basic water consumption and the deregulation of the sector of reclaimed water an attract the private capital into water industry, improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of regulation. Moreover, the withdrawal of state capital from the water utility industry an also relieve the burden of fiscal expenditure and finally help water utility industry to achieve a sustainable development.