中外环境空气质量标准比较

颁布实施并于1996年修订且于2000年进行了修改的国家环境空气质量标准(GB3095—1996)已不能适应当前和今后国家环境空气质量管理及评价工作的需求,迫切需要修订.针对1996年以来国外环境空气质量标准的新进展,研究了美国、欧盟、世界卫生组织(WHO)等国家、地区和组织的环境空气质量标准,就主要污染物控制项目、浓度限值、达标的统计要求及标准实施要求等进行了对比和讨论.结果表明,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO和Pb等仍是绝大多数国家共同控制的污染物,发达国家增加了PM2.5项目,并有增加苯、重金属等污染物的趋势.中国未规定污染物达标的统计要求,更没有具体的环境质量标准实施要求,相对放宽了环境空气质量标准,建议未来中国环境空气质量标准修订工作中应综合考虑上述问题.

Comparison between Domestic and International Ambient Air Quality Standards

The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996), which was published and implemented in 1996 and modified in 2000, is in urgent need of revision, as it may not meet the needs of current and future ambient air quality assessment and management. Foreign ambient air quality standard research has made significant progress since 1996. In this paper, the ambient air quality standards of the USA, the European Union, the WHO and some other countries (regions or organizations) were analyzed, and comparative analysis research and discussion of ambient air quality standards between home and abroad were performed with regard to major pollutants, concentration limits, statistical requirements for attaining the standard, implementation requirement, etc.. As shown in the results, PM_(10), SO_2, NO_2, CO, Pb, etc. are still common pollutants that most countries are targeting for control, but for some developed countries, PM_(2.5) has been added onto the list, as well as benzene and other heavy metals. Neither statistical requirements for attaining the standards nor requirements for implementation of environmental quality standards are specified in China, which to some extent lowers the effects from the ambient air quality standards. Consequently, the problems outlined above should be considered in revising the national ambient air quality standards in the future.