北京市民居室内气态PAHs浓度及其影响因素

利用自行改进的被动采样装置收集并测定北京城、近郊区38个家庭在供暖期和非供暖期室内空气中7种气态多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度和组分谱,并探讨影响室内气态PAHs浓度和组分谱的主要影响因素.分析数据表明,北京城、近郊区民居室内的气态PAHs以2环和3环组分为主,7种气态PAHs组分各自的平均浓度范围为1～40 ng/m³,总平均浓度约为100 ng/m³.供暖期和非供暖期之间7种气态PAHs的总浓度没有表现出显著差异,但苊烯和荧蒽的浓度明显不同.相对于供暖期,非供暖期内2环组分的贡献减少,3、4环组分的比例则增加.根据家庭调查问卷和实测的浓度水平,多因子方差分析的结果显示,北京城、近郊区民居室内气态PAHs的浓度和组分谱的主要影响因素包括吸烟、卫生球使用、居室通风强度、日烹调次数和民居建成时间.

Concentrations and Influencing Factors of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residential Air in Beijing

7 gas phase PAHs components in indoor air collected from 38 families were investigated by modified passive air samplers in Beijing areas during the local heating and non-heating seasons, and the influencing factors were discussed as well. The analytical results indicate that the gasous PAHs in local indoor air are dominated by 2 and 3 rings compounds, the mean concentrations for the 7 individual gaseous components range from 1 to 40 ng/m³, and the average concentration of total gaseous PAHs is about 100 ng/m³. There is no significant difference in total gaseous PAHs concentrations between the heating and the non-heating seasons, while some apparent seasonal changes occur in ACY and FLA concentrations. Compared with heating season, contribution of 2 rings compounds decreases while the proportions of 3 and 4 rings species increase during the non-heating season. Based on household activity questionnaires and actual analytical concentrations, the main influencing factors accounted for gaseous PAHs in indoor air, identified by multifactor analysis of variance, include cigarette smoking, use of moth ball, intensity of draft, cuisine frequency and built age.