海洋环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解研究进展

多环芳烃 (PAHs)是一类广泛分布于海洋环境中的含有两个苯环以上的有毒有害污染物 ,主要来源于人类活动和能源利用过程 ,如石油、煤、木材等的燃烧过程 ,石油及石油化工产品的生产过程 ,海上通过地面径流、污水排放及机动车辆等燃料不完全燃烧后的废气随大气颗粒的沉降进入海洋环境中 .由于多环芳烃的潜在毒性、致癌性及致畸诱变作用1,2 ] ,通过生物累积及食物链的传递作用 ,给海洋生物、生态环境和人体健康带来极大危害 ,已引起各国环境科学家的极大重视 .美国环保局在上世纪 80年代把 16种未带分支的多环芳烃确定为环境中的优先污染物…

ADVANCES ON MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) IN MARINE ENVRIONMENT

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered hazardous because of cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. The fates of these compounds in the marine environment and the remediation of PAH-contaminated sites are, therefore, of high public interest. The principle processes for their successful removal are currently believed to be microbial transformation and degradation. Microorganisms have a huge metabolic repertoire that enables them to degrade a panoply of organic pollutants and in many cases the complex biochemistry and molecular biology of the catabolic pathways involved have been unraveled. This review provides some advance on the microbial degradation of PAHs. Studies are presented on the genetics of PAHs degradation pathways and the application of genes. Molecular oxygens is essential for the initial PAHs by microorganisms. The cometabolism mechanisms of PAHs and the achievements on the PAHs cometabolism degradation are discussed. The degradation of most PAHs with high molecular weight is carried out by means of cometabolism. Fig 2, Ref 46