农药在稻田使用对地下水的风险评估研究进展

农药风险评估可为农药登记和农药的环境安全管理提供重要的科学依据。水稻生产过程中病虫草害严重,农药使用品种多、频次高,田水存留时间长,对地下水污染风险高。开展农药在稻田使用对地下水的风险评估研究具有重要的现实意义。文章详细介绍了欧盟和美国的水稻-地下水风险评估研究进展,包括风险评估程序、暴露评估模型及暴露场景等。总结了我国农药在稻田使用对地下水风险评估的研究现状,并分析了我国研究的不足之处。在此基础上,提出了加强我国农药在稻田使用对地下水风险评估的建议。

Progress of Ground Water Risk Assessment for Pesticides Used in Rice Paddy

Pesticide ecological risk assessment provides scientific basis for pesticide registration and environmental safety management. In rice cultivation, the high occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds requires many pesticides to be used frequently over the growing season. Additionally, the presence of rice paddy water is often required for a relatively long time after pesticide application. All these factors may pose potential risk of groundwater contamination. Hence, it is important to conduct ground water risk assessment for pesticides used in rice paddy. In this paper, progresses on groundwater risk assessment of EU and U.S. for pesticides used in rice paddy were reviewed, including risk assessment procedures, exposure models and scenarios. Current status of groundwater risk assessment in China was also summarized and shortcomings were analyzed. Finally, suggestions to enhance groundwater risk assessment for pesticide used in rice paddy in China were proposed.