户用沼气池建设对改善农村生态环境效果分析

通过对河南省9个县(市)中9个乡(镇)的非沼气户和沼气户土壤、地表径流和室内空气进行监测,定量对比分析了户用沼气池建设对农村生态环境改善效果。结果显示,沼气户土壤中的速效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮含量要高于非沼气户,且"四位一体"生态模式沼气户土壤中4种养分含量明显高于"三位一体"生态模式;沼气户地表径流中的COD、NH₃-N、 TP浓度均低于非沼气户;沼气户室内空气中的CO、SO₂、NH₃、PM₁₀浓度均低于非沼气户,且室内空气中的4项污染物浓度随季节变化而不同。这说明户用沼气池建设对于增加土壤养分、减轻农村面源污染、改善农户居住环境、实现节能减排效果显著。

Effects of Rural Household Biogas Pond Construction on Ecological Environment

In Henan Province, non-biogas farmers and biogas ones from nine towns distributed throughout nine counties had been chosen as examples, from which the soil, surface runoff and indoor air quality were monitored. Specifically, the comparative study upon the effect of household biogas pond construction on improvement of rural ecological environment was analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in soil samples of non-biogas rural households obviously were lower than that of biogas ones, and the contents of four nutrition compounds in the soil in the four-in-one ecological model were much higher than in the three-in-one ecological model. The average concentrations of NH₃-N, TP and COD in surface runoff of non-biogas samples were higher than that of biogas ones. The average concentrations of indoor air pollution including SO₂, CO, PM₁₀ and NH₃ of biogas samples were much lower than that of the non-biogas ones. In addition, the concentrations of these four indoor air pollutants changed with the seasons. Lastly, it could be concluded that rural biogas pond construction would enrich the soil, reduce area-source pollution and improve the rural residential environment. It is of a great significance to energy-saving and emission-reduction.