农村生活污水处理设施省级管理体系探索——以浙江省为例

农村生活污水治理是我国提升农村人居环境行动的重要一环。在国家有关政策的推动下，近年来我国农村生活污水处理设施大量建成，但由于法规标准、管理保障机制等的相对滞后，影响了现有设施的长效运行，亟待探索并建立因地制宜的农村生活污水处理设施省级管理体系。浙江省作为全国首个全面开展农村生活污水治理并对其专门立法的省级行政区，经过十几年的摸索，初步形成了“以条例为抓手，以标准体系作指导，以运维管理体系作保障”较为完善的农村生活污水处理设施管理体系。详细梳理了浙江省农村生活污水处理设施的建设与运维管理发展历程，系统总结了浙江省在颁布条例、建立标准体系及运维管理保障机制方面取得的进步与积累的经验，提出了顶层设计先行、重视试点示范、政产学研深度融合3点建议，可为全国其他省(自治区、直辖市)农村生活污水治理工作的开展提供参考。

Exploring the management system of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities at the provincial level with Zhejiang as an example

Rural domestic sewage treatment acts a crucial role in improving rural living environment. Driven by policies, a large scale of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities had been constructed in China for the past few years. Those facilities can hardly maintain long-term operation due to the lag of regulations, standards, management and guarantee mechanism, etc. Therefore, it is sorely urgent to develop management systems of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities at the provincial level. Zhejiang, as one of the earliest provinces to initiate rural domestic sewage treatment in a large scale and specifically legislation on it, has gained some experience through years of exploration and practice, which provides significant reference for other countries and cities initiating rural sewage treatment facilities management. An integrated management system has been preliminarily established, with the legal system as the base, the standard system as the guidance, and the operation and maintenance management system as the guarantee. This study comprehensively reviewed the development history of construction, operation and maintenance of rural sewage treatment facilities in Zhejiang Province, summarized the progress and experience gained in issuing regulations, establishing standard system as well as operation and maintenance management guarantee mechanism. Three suggestions were then put forward on top-level design first, attaching importance to pilot demonstration, and in-depth promoting government-industry-university-research cooperation. The results are subject to provide reference for the development of rural sewage treatment work in other provinces and cities across the country.