中国南方地区台风降水贡献分析——以2013年台风降水为例

台风是影响中国南方降水的重要天气系统。依据中央气象台台风观测资料和国家级气象观测站地面降水资料,将泰森多边形计算方法和ArcGis技术相结合,分析了2013年登陆或严重影响中国的台风降水特征,定量评价了其对中国南方地区降水的贡献,以及降水贡献在时空两方面的演变特点。研究结果表明：（1）2013年南方地区台风降水贡献为16.9％,占常年（1981—2010年）淡水（降雨）资源的17.2％。（2）空间分布上,自西向东,从北至南,台风降水贡献增大,东南沿海最大。（3）月度降水贡献呈双峰型,6—8月台风降水贡献逐渐增强,8月达8.3％；9月台风降水贡献陡降,10—11月继续增强,11月为3.2％。通过台风降水贡献的研究,对于更好利用台风降水和科学预防台风灾害具有重要意义。

The Contribution Analysis of 2013 Typhoon Precipitation in Southern China

Typhoon is an important precipitation weather system in southern China. By using 2013 typhoon observation data of CMA and precipitation data of national meteorological stations, with Taisen polygon method and ArcGis technique, the precipitation of typhoon which landed or affected China was calculated, then contribution and time￣space characteristic of typhoon precipitation in southern China was analyzed. The results show that：（1） The ratio of 2013 typhoon rainfall to the total precipitation is 16. 9% in southern China, and the ratio of 2013 typhoon rainfall to the standard climatological normals is 17. 2% in southern China;（2）The typhoon precipitation is higher in the east （south） of southern China than the west （north）, and the typhoon precipitation reaches a maximum in the south￣eastern coast of China;（3）The typhoon contribution to precipitation presents a double￣peak curve, the contribution increases from June to August and reach up to 8. 3% of total precipitation in August. Then the contribution drops steeply in September, and it continues to increase from October to November and reaches 3. 2% in November.