自然灾害基本定义的探讨

自然灾害的研究,正在变为一门热门的学科.然而,大多数人是通过举例来回答"什么是自然灾害?"这一问题,一些学者则干脆对此避而不谈.显然,如果对"自然灾害"这一概念没有严格的定义,如果人们只热衷于提出各种概念模型,热衷于案例分析,则"自然灾害学"就很难上升为一门科学内核清楚的学科.从分析定义的本质人手,梳理出下定义的4条规则,指出了现有5个自然灾害定义的不足之处,建议了一个自然灾害的基本定义,并用它分别对<国家综合减灾"十一五"规划>中提及的13种自然灾害进行了界定.

A discussion on basic definition of natural disaster

Research on natural disasters, is becoming a hotspot subject. However, most scholars are used to answer the question "What is a natural disaster?" with examples, Furthermore, some researchers simply avoid answering the question. Obviously, if there is no strict definition for " natural disaster" , if people are only keen to put forward various concept models, eager in case studies, then, it's hard to promote "natural catastrophology" to be a scientific discipline with a clear core. From analyzing the nature of the definition, in this paper, the author sorts out 4 rules for constructing a definition, points out the drawbacks in the existing 5 definitions, and then suggests a basic definition of natural disaster. By using the basic definition, the author defines 13 natural disasters which are listed in the National Eleventh Five - Year Plan for Integrated Disaster Reduction.