三种工业废水颗粒污泥的化学及微生物学组成

对ＵＡＳＢ反应器中处理酒精废醪、木材纤维板热压废水及石灰法造纸黑液颗粒污泥的化学及微生物组成进行了比较研究，结果表明：无机元素在颗粒污泥中的沉积与废水组成及运行条件密切相关；接种污泥中加入少量的颗粒污泥可作为新生颗粒污泥的生长核心；胞外多聚物有利于颗粒污泥的形成与稳定，其产量与颗粒污泥的生物量有关，其分布有一定的区域性；颗粒污泥的微生物组成与废水水质、运行温度及颗粒污泥所处的生理阶段等因素密切相关；丝状细菌，特别是索氏甲烷丝菌类似菌在颗粒污泥中起着重要作用；污泥颗粒化过程中各类生理菌群的增殖次序与其在厌氧消化过程中的功能次序一致。当发酵细菌、产氢产乙酸菌、同型产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌在每ｍＬ颗粒污泥中分别达到１０７－１０、１０５－７、１０６－８和１０５－６个时，可构成一个较稳定的厌氧微生态系统。

CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL COMPOSITIONS OF GRANULAR SLUDGES GROWING ON THREE KINDS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS

The chemical and microbial compositions of anaerobic granular sludges in UASB reactors treating distillery wastewater, timber fibre Board-making wastewater and lime pulp-making black liquor were comparatively studied. The results demonstrate that the deposition of inorganic elements in granular sludses is closely related with wastewater compositions and operation conditions. The granular sludges added to the seed sludge can act as cores of the new granules. The extracellular polymers(ECPs)are helpful to the granules'formation and stability. The yeild of ECPs depends on biomass of the granular sludges. ECPs distribute only over a certaln area of the granular sludge. Microbial composition of the sludges is closely concerned with some factors, such as wastewater characteristics, operating temperature and physiological phase of the granules. Filamentous bacteria,especially Methanothrix soehgenii-like organisms, play an important role in the granules. During the granulation process,the order of the increases of different,metabolic groups is the same as that of their functions in anaerobic digestion. When the numbers of fermentative bacteria,hydrogen and acetate producing bacteria, homoacetogenic bacteria and methanogens reach 107-10/mL, 105-7/mL, 106-8 /mL and 105-8/mL respectively,a steady micro-ecosystem is built.