空气负离子浓度分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

大气离子是由许多自然和人为的原因产生,并且它们的浓度在不同环境场所下差别很大。选取我国南部沿海某省份作为研究区域,挑选近10处具有代表性的环境场所进行实测研究,收集了空气正、负离子浓度、风速、空气温度、相对湿度、材料和植物负离子浓度等数据。实测数据表明：地面上的空气负离子浓度随着地理环境因素（瀑布、海边、峡谷、乡村田野、郊区旷野、县城等）不同差别很大,其中瀑布〉海边〉峡谷〉溪流〉县城;同时空气负离子浓度与风速、水、植物、相对湿度等有较为密切的关系。通过对实测数据进行分析得出以下结论,1）空气的摩擦可以有效显著地增加空气中负离子的浓度,两者呈现出一定的正相关关系。2）水体在撞击和喷射过程能加快正负电荷的分离,水速流动地越快,相应摩擦产生的电离能越大,周边环境的空气负离子浓度就越高;同时随着距离的衰减,环境中的空气负离子浓度也在不断地降低。3）空气负离子浓度与植物群落的种类结构和配置相关,其中高处复层结构植物〉低处复层结构植物〉低处单层结构植物。4）相对湿度与空气负离子具有良好的相关性。5）温度与空气负离子的关系有待进一步明确。6）适宜的温度、湿度以及风速能使人感到舒服,有益于人体的健康。7）自然生态环境整体而言,空气负离子浓度大,空气清洁度均为A级最清洁。通过结果和分析给城市生态环境建设方面以重要的启示,因此作者从城市规划层面进一步提出以下建议：1）以自然环境的空气负离子浓度值为参考标准研究城市环境的空气负离子浓度和空气清洁度,进行符合气候和生态资源运行状态的设计,对于优化城市生态环境和城乡规划建设的水平有着重要的意义。2）加强自然通风、增加水体景观设计以及扩大绿地并减少不必要的硬质广?

Characteristics of negative air ion concentration and its relationships with environmental factors

Atmospheric ions are produced by many natural and anthropogenic sources and their concentrations vary widely between different environments. In this study, we conducted a week’s testing in a southern coastal province, China, where we chose 10 different typical sites to measure and research. The measurements included NAI concentration, PAI concentration, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity and NAI concentration in materials and plants. The results showed that NAI concentration had a closer relation with wind speed, water, plants and air humidity than other factors, the most important factor was the water, followed by wind, and the minimal was air temperature. Based on the analysis of measured data to come to the conclusions： 1） The air friction can effectively and significantly increase the NAI concentration, and the two show a positive correlation. 2） The separation of positive and negative charges can be accelerated by the water in the impact and the injection process. The faster water flows, the more energy ionization corresponding friction increases. The NAI concentration of the surrounding environment is higher; in the meantime attenuation with distance, the NAI concentration has been reduced in constantly. 3） The NAI concentration is related to the structure and arrangement of species of plant community, the high layer structure of the plant, the lower layer structure of the plant, the lower layer structure of plant. 4） Relative humidity and the NAI concentration have a good correlation. 5） The relationship between temperature and NAI concentration should be further clarified. 6） The appropriate temperature, humidity and wind speed can make people feel comfortable, which are beneficial to human health. 7） All in all, in the natural ecological environment, the NAI concentration is greatest and air cleanliness is a most clean. These results and the analysis has important enlightenment to the city ecological environment construction, the author from the perspective of city planning