鄱阳湖沉积物中磷吸附释放特性及影响因素研究

沉积物是氮磷营养盐的主要蓄积库，它不仅是外来污染物的归宿地，同时其自身营养盐的释放也可对水环境产生重大影响。针对鄱阳湖存在的沉积物磷释放问题，关键环境因子对基质磷吸附的影响规律进行了探讨。通过控制在不同环境因素条件下，上覆水中磷的变化规律探讨，阐明磷在上覆水-底泥界面迁移转化的规律和环境因素对迁移转化过程的影响。研究结果表明，吸附初始阶段，两者含量相差较大，起始吸附速率很高；随着反应时间的推进，两者含量差随之减小；当吸附时间达到30 min时，此时上覆水的平衡质量浓度为8.648 mg·L^-1，两者含量达成平衡。由磷的吸附等温试验同样可看出，随着平衡质量浓度逐渐增加，土壤吸磷量刚开始增加较快，随后增加趋势逐渐减缓直至磷饱和。pH越小，上覆水质量浓度越低，沉积物对磷的吸附作用越强；pH越大，上覆水中TP质量浓度越大，强碱条件下，TP吸收量剧减。在好氧条件下，沉积物对磷的吸附远远高于厌氧条件下沉积物的吸附。好氧条件下，反应在4 h内，沉积物对磷的吸附速率最高，随后吸附量很小直至逐渐饱和。厌氧条件下，吸附作用不明显；当反应时间达到24 h后，上覆水磷质量浓度保持不变，此时沉积物磷吸附达到饱和。高溶解氧水平对于控制底泥向上覆水体释放磷，维持水体较低总磷是必要的。温度为30℃，20℃和5℃3种条件下，当反应24 h后，三者均达到吸附平衡。因此，当上覆水的磷质量浓度较低时，高温条件下基质的磷释放速度会高于低温条件下的磷释放速度。研究结果旨在为正确认识、合理评估环境因素对湖泊水体磷的影响提供更为充分恰当的试验依据和理论解释。

Adsorption and release characteristic of phosphorus and influential factors in Poyang Lake sediment

Sediment is the main accumulation library, which is the gathering place for external contaminants. Nutrients release also exists in lake sediment, which has a significant impact on the lake water environment. In this paper, the influence factors on phosphorus absorption and release in Poyang lake sediment is investigated. Under different environmental conditions, the variation of phosphorus concentrations of the overlying water is analyzed; the phosphorus transformation processes and its influence factors in the interface of overlying water and sediment are discussed. The results showed that phosphorus concentrations have a large difference between soil and water overlying and the initial adsorption rate was high during the initial stages of experiment. As the adsorption continues, the concentration difference between soil and overlying water decreased. When the adsorption time reached 30min, adsorption-desorption equilibrium completed and the equilibrium concentration of phosphorus of the overlying water was 8.648 mg·L-1. As it also can be seen from phosphorus adsorption isotherm, while the equilibrium concentration gradual increase, phosphorus uptake of soil increased rapidly firs and then slow until reaching phosphorus saturation. And the lower pH and the concentration of the overlying water, the stronger phosphorus adsorption in sediments. The conclusion has been come to on the contrary when pH was relatively large. Phosphorus adsorption in sediment under aerobic condition was much higher than under anaerobic condition. Adsorption rate was highest within 4hours under aerobic condition. Then adsorption capacity is very small until gradually saturated. Phosphorus adsorption was not prominent under anaerobic condition. When the experiment has carried on for 24 h, phosphorus concentration of overlying water remained constant and Phosphorus adsorption in sediment was saturated. It was necessary for high concentrations of dissolved oxygen in controlling the phosphorus release from sediment to overlying water and m