Outdoor air pollution and term low birth weight in Japan |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan;2. Department of Public Health and Public Policy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan;3. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan;1. Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA;2. Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China;3. Gansu Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China;4. Gansu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Lanzhou, Gansu, China;5. Henan Province Cancer Hospital, Office for Cancer Control and Prevention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;6. Sichuan University School of Public Health, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;7. Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA;1. Department of Geography and Anthropology, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5591, USA;2. Department of Geology and Geography, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8149, USA;3. Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8015, USA;1. Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan;2. Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan;3. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan;4. Faculty of Education, Fukuyama City University, Fukuyama, Japan;5. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionEvidence has accumulated on the association between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. However, most of the previous studies were conducted in geographically distinct areas and suffer from lack of important potential covariates. We examined the effect of ambient air pollution on term low birth weight (LBW) using data from a nationwide population-based longitudinal survey in Japan that began in 2001.MethodsWe restricted participants to term singletons (n = 44,109). Air pollution concentrations during the 9 months before birth were obtained at the municipality level and were assigned to the participants who were born in the corresponding municipality. We conducted multilevel logistic regression analyses adjusting for individual and municipality-level variables.ResultsWe found that air pollution exposure during pregnancy was positively associated with the risk of term LBW. In the fully adjusted models, odds ratios following one interquartile range increase in each pollutant were 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.19) for suspended particulate matter (SPM), 1.11 (0.99, 1.26) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 1.71 (1.18, 2.46) for sulfur dioxide (SO2). Specifically, effect estimates for SPM and NO2 exposure at the first trimester were higher than those at other trimesters, while SO2 was associated with the risk at all trimesters. Nonsmoking mothers were more susceptible to SPM and NO2 exposure compared with smoking mothers.ConclusionsAmbient air pollution increases the risk of term LBW in a nationally representative sample in Japan. |
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