Comparing human exposure to emerging and legacy flame retardants from the indoor environment and diet with concentrations measured in serum |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway;1. Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;2. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, The Netherlands;3. Radboud UMC, Department for Health Evidence (133), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. Radboud university medical center, Department for Health Evidence, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;3. Radboud university medical center, Department of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;4. Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;5. Radboud university medical center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program/Marine Resources Division, 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501-1091, USA;2. NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA;3. Washington Department of Ecology, Marine Monitoring Unit, 300 Desmond Drive, PO Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504-7600, USA |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates associations between serum concentrations of emerging and legacy halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in 46 Norwegian women and measured indoor air and dust concentrations of the HFRs as well as detailed information on diet and household factors. Hexabromobenzene (median 0.03 ng/g lipid) and Dechlorane 602 (median 0.18 ng/g lipid) were detected in about 50% of the samples and Dechlorane Plus syn (median 0.45 ng/g lipid) and anti (median 0.85 ng/g lipid) in more than 78%. The most abundant polybrominated diphenyl ethers were 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153; median 0.82 ng/g lipid) and 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47; median 0.49 ng/g lipid) detected in more than 70% of the samples. In the bivariate analysis, no consistent associations were observed between the biomonitoring data and measured concentrations in indoor air and dust. On the other hand, consumption of specific food items (mainly lamb/mutton and margarine) correlated significantly with more than two HFR serum concentrations, while this was not the case for household factors (electronic appliances). Only the significant bivariate associations with diet were confirmed by multivariate linear regression analyses, which might indicate a higher contribution from food compared to the indoor environment to the variation of the body burden of these HFRs. |
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