Impact of wildflower strips on biological control of cabbage lepidopterans |
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| Authors: | L. Pfiffner H. Luka C. Schlatter A. Juen M. Traugott |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstraße, 5070 Frick, Switzerland;2. University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;3. University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biogeography, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;1. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom;2. Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB United Kingdom;1. Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;1. NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK;2. Leaside Carron Lane, MIDHURST, West Sussex GU29 9LB, UK;3. Wildlife Farming Company, Chesterton, Bicester, Oxon, OX26 1UN, UK;1. School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia;2. Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 883, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia;3. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China;4. Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China;5. Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China;1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;2. Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | In a 2-year experiment we investigated whether wildflower strips can be used to enhance the control of cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L., and cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae L. At two sites, including six organically cultivated fields, M. brassicae egg parasitism and predation rates were determined along with an assessment of larval parasitism rates in M. brassicae and P. rapae using a DNA-based approach. Within each field, plots with and without wildflower strips were sampled and a grid design of 3 m × 3 m was used to analyze the spatial pattern of parasitism. The provision of wildflower strips provided an idiosyncratic effect on the control of lepidopterans: parasitism rates in M. brassicae eggs and larvae were not affected, whereas parasitism rates of larval P. rapae were significantly enhanced by the wildflower strips at one of the two sites. Moreover, at one site predation rates on M. brassicae eggs were significantly enhanced in the wildflower strip plots. Geostatistical analysis showed no distinct spatial patterns in parasitism rates. These results demonstrate that the provision of wildflower strips does not necessarily enhance biological control of lepidopteran cabbage pests and suggest that site-specific environmental factors strongly affect the impact of wildflower strips. |
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