基于模糊规则和BFS算法的行人疏散模型研究*

为建立更加真实的行人疏散模型，基于模糊规则和广度优先搜索（BFS）算法，利用元胞自动机，提出1种优化的行人疏散模型。引入动态模糊速度规则，建立移动速度与周边环境的模糊对应关系，从而模拟行人在不同环境下的运动速度；通过设定危险度规则，使用基于双端队列的BFS算法快速计算每个格子距离安全出口的“静态危险度”，并与出口处人群密度的“动态危险度”耦合，使元胞自发地向“总危险度”更低的方向移动；结合动态速度规则建立1种基于排队理论的出口疏散机制。结果表明:所建模型能够再现行人流自组织现象，真实地反应行人不同的移动方式以及疏散的具体过程；模型考虑了出口排队疏散机制对疏散时间的影响，使疏散效率得到提高，为行人疏散模型的建立以及公共场所的设施布局等应急疏散预案提供有效参考。

Study on pedestrian evacuation model based on fuzzy rules and BFS algorithm

In order to establish a more real pedestrian evacuation model,an optimized pedestrian evacuation model based on fuzzy rules and breadth first search algorithm(BFS)was proposed by using the cellular automata(CA).By introduced into the dynamic fuzzy speed rules,the fuzzy corresponding relation between moving speed and surrounding environment was established to simulate the moving speed of pedestrian in different environments.Through setting the rules of risk degree,the BFS algorithm based on the double-end queue was used to quickly calculate the“static risk degree”of each grid away from the safety exit,which was coupled with the“dynamic risk degree”of crowd density at the exit,so as to make the cells move spontaneously to the direction with lower“total risk degree”.Combined with the dynamic speed rules,an exit evacuation mechanism based on the queuing theory was established.The results showed that the model could reproduce the self-organizing phenomenon of pedestrian flow,and truly reflect different moving modes of pedestrian and the specific process of evacuation.The evacuation efficiency was improved due to considering the influence of queuing evacuation mechanism at the exit.It provides effective reference for the establishment of pedestrian evacuation model and the emergency evacuation plans such as facilities layout in public places.