商业综合体中楼梯、自动扶梯和电梯多通道耦合疏散策略研究*

为选择最优疏散模式,提高商业综合体应急疏散效率,运用Pathfinder仿真软件,求解最优自动扶梯与楼梯双通道耦合模式，并探讨自动扶梯、楼梯与电梯多通道耦合疏散模式实效性。结果表明:自动扶梯与楼梯双通道耦合疏散模式中，自动扶梯双下行与楼梯耦合疏散模式疏散效果最好，疏散时间最短，总疏散时间465.95 s，比单一楼梯疏散模式缩短16.24%；自动扶梯、疏散楼梯与电梯多通道3重耦合疏散模式，比自动扶梯与楼梯双通道耦合疏散模式中最优组合方式疏散时间减少10.45 s，减少了2.24%；通过电梯疏散人数86人，占总疏散人数1.30%，表明电梯疏散效果提升不明显。研究结果可为紧急情况下自动扶梯反转时间确定以及密集场所应急预案编制提供理论参考。

Study on multi-channel coupling evacuation strategy of stairs,escalators and elevators in commercial complex

The commercial complex and other densely populated places have a high density of people,and it is difficult to evacuate in case of emergency.The feasibility of escalators and elevators as auxiliary safety evacuation channels has been recognized by many scholars.The evacuation judgment criteria of taking escalators as auxiliary evacuation tools were constructed.According to the four different operation modes of escalator,namely,stop,up,down and emergency reversal,the Pathfinder simulation software was used to seek the optimal coupling mode of escalators and stairs,and on this basis,the effectiveness of multi-channel coupling evacuation mode of escalators,stairs and elevators in the evacuation of commercial complex was discussed to provide the basis for determining the reversal time of escalator in emergency and formulating the emergency plan of evacuation in the densely populated places.The results showed that in the dual channel coupling evacuation mode of escalators and stairs,the coupling evacuation mode of double down escalators and stairs had the best evacuation effect and the shortest evacuation time,with the total evacuation time of 465.95 seconds,which was 16.24%shorter than that of the evacuation mode with only stairs.The evacuation time of multi-channel coupling evacuation mode with escalators,evacuation elevators and elevators was only 10.45 seconds less than that of the optimal combination mode in the dual channel coupling evacuation mode of escalators and stairs,reduced by 2.24%,and the number of people evacuated by elevators was 86,only accounting for 1.30%of the total number,which indicated that the evacuation elevators as an auxiliary evacuation tool could not improve the evacuation effect significantly.