在线分析小屋仪器失效概率与安全间距研究*

为探究天然气输气站中在线分析小屋内，因仪器布局紧凑所导致的连锁失效概率的计算方法，并探索在线分析小屋内不同分析仪器间合理的安全距离，以基于风险的检测技术（RBI）为基础，考虑在线分析仪器间因超压爆炸而引发的连锁事故，建立在线分析小屋内仪器失效概率计算方法，为仪器的无事故安全管理提供数据基础；同时，采用TNT当量法建立在线分析小屋内仪器间安全间距的计算方法，为在线分析小屋内仪器分布与设计提供理论依据。对某输气站场在线分析小屋仪器进行应用。结果表明:建立的失效概率计算方法获得的水烃露点分析仪失效概率较标准API RP 581的方法增大59%，验证了模型在表征连锁反应事故所引入的附加风险；建立的安全间距计算方法获得3个分析仪器间距离爆破能量较大的前2个仪器的安全间距应不小于2.82 m与1.47 m，大于现有设计尺寸，验证了其可用性。

Study on failure probability and safety distance of analyzers in on-line analyzer house

In order to explore the calculation method of the cascading failure probability caused by the compact layout of analyzers in the on-line analyzer house of natural gas transmission station,and explore the reasonable safety distance between different analyzers in the on-line analyzer house,on the basis of the risk-based detection technology(RBI),considering the cascading accident caused by overpressure explosion between on-line analyzers,a calculation method for the failure probabilities of analyzers in the analyzer house was established,which provided a data basis for the accident-free safety management of the analyzers.At the same time,the TNT equivalent method was used to establish the calculation method of safety distance between the analyzers in the on-line analyzer house,which provided a theoretical basis for the distribution and design of the analyzers.The application on the analyzers in the on-line analyzer house of a gas transmission station showed that the failure probability of the water hydrocarbon dew point analyzer obtained by the established calculation method of failure probability was 59%larger than that of the standard API RP 581 method,which verified that the model characterized the additional risk introduced by the chain reaction accident.The established calculation method of safety distance obtained the distance between the three analyzers.The safety distance between the first two analyzers with larger blasting energy should be no less than 2.82 m and 1.47 m,which was larger than the existing design size,and its availability was verified.