复合型水雾抑尘剂作用机理与优选方法研究*

为有效提高水雾综合除尘性能，基于水雾捕尘过程及抑尘作用机理，从复合抑尘剂润湿、吸湿、黏结作用组分出发，讨论不同性质粉尘与抑尘剂各组分间匹配协同关系，进而研究复合型水雾抑尘剂优选方法。结果表明:湿润组分优选疏水端含有碳碳双键、醚基或链间存在氢键的表面活性剂；通过改变疏水基链长、不饱和度和支链数等方法，使湿润组分亲水、亲油性与粉尘相匹配。吸湿组分优选体心立方晶胞结构、溶解度相对较小的无机盐或混合配方无机盐，或者含极性强、能形成氢键的基团且空间结构复杂的有机吸湿剂。黏结组分优选溶液黏度高、交联网状、结构复杂的高分子聚合物。在上述组分优选的基础上，通过抑尘剂复配性能实验合理确定各组分的最优配比。

Study on action mechanism and optimal selection method of compound water mist dust suppressant

In order to effectively improve the comprehensive dust removal performance of water mist,based on the dust capture process and dust suppression mechanism of water mist,the matching and synergistic relationship between the dust with different properties and the components of dust suppressant was discussed from the perspectives of the wetting,hygroscopic and bonding components of the compound dust suppressant,and the optimal selection method of the compound water mist dust suppressant was studied.The results showed that the wetting component was preferably a surfactant with carbon-carbon double bonds or ether groups at the hydrophobic end,or the hydrogen bonds between the chains.The wetting component was made hydrophilic and lipophilic to match the dust by changing the chain length,unsaturation and number of branches of the hydrophobic group.The hygroscopic component was preferably an inorganic salt with a body-centered cubic unit cell structure and relatively small solubility or a mixed formulation inorganic salt,or an organic hygroscopic agent with strong polarity,groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds and complex spatial structure.The binding component was preferably a high-molecular polymer with high solution viscosity,cross-linked network shape and complex structure.Based on the optimal selection of the above components,the optimal matching of each component was reasonably determined through the experiments on the compound performance of dust suppressant.