基于无人机摄影测量的尾矿坝边坡表面变形监测*

为弥补传统基于GPS/GNSS的单点监测方式无法反映尾矿坝整体变形的局限性，提出1种结合坝坡现有位移监测系统的无人机尾矿坝边坡表面变形监测方法。利用单镜头轻小型多旋翼无人机和计算机视觉技术对尾矿坝的空间三维地理信息进行数据采集与重建；基于设置在坝坡表面的位移人工监测点（水泥桩）对多期尾矿坝点云数据进行配准；通过对不同时期尾矿坝点云数据距离的计算实现对其边坡表面变形的整体监测。结果表明:经过雨季冲刷，山东某尾矿坝局部边坡出现冲沟、滑塌、表层滑移等现象；提出的方法能够精细地体现出尾矿坝边坡的整体变形与细节变化，可为尾矿坝边坡整体变形监测方法的拓展提供参考。

Surface deformation monitoring of tailings dam slope based on UAV photogrammetry

In order to make up for the limitation that the traditional single point monitoring method based on GPS / GNSS can not reflect the overall deformation of tailings dam,a method for monitoring the surface deformation of tailings dam slope by using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) combined with the existing displacement monitoring system was proposed.The single-lens light and small multi-rotor UAV and computer vision technology were used to collect the spatial three-dimensional geographic information of the tailings dam and reconstruct the tailings dam.Based on the displacement manual monitoring points (cement piles) set on the surface of dam slope,the multi-period point cloud data of tailings dam were registered,and the overall monitoring of the slope surface deformation was realized by calculating the distances of point cloud data of the tailings dam in different periods.The results showed that after the rainy season flushing,the local slope of a tailings dam in Shandong appeared the gully,slump,surface slip and other phenomena.This method can finely reflect the overall deformation and detailed change of the tailings dam slope,and it can provide reference for the development of the monitoring method of overall deformation of the tailings dam slope.