跨国水资源保护的法律措施——兼及中国的实践

国际流域各国在自己境内利用跨国水资源或进行其他活动时，有义务保护国际流域水资源，防止对其他流域国造成重大损害。对有关国际文件的规定和国际社会的实践进行了系统的分析和比较，从促进跨国水资源包括涉及我国的跨国水资源保护的目的出发，运用比较、概括和归纳的方法，对流域各国保护国际流域水资源的法律措施进行了归纳和总结。这些措施包括但不限于环境影响评价、交流信息、监测、通知、紧急情况下的援助、控制污染、公众参与等。最后就中国促进相关跨国水资源的保护提出了具体的措施建议：严格执行《环境影响评价法》、《水污染防治法》等法律法规；建立跨国河流水环境监测网；保持和加强与相邻国家和沿岸各国的信息交流与合作；继续与更多的沿岸国谈判和签署双边或多边流域保护协议，并建立流域保护或管理委员会负责对跨国河流流域的保护与管理.

ON THE LEGAL MEASURES OF PROTECTING TRANSBOUNDARY WATER RESOURCES

When utilizing international basin water resources or carrying out other activities within its own territory,every basin state has the duty to protect these water resources.They should take reasonable measures to prevent from significant transboundary harm.To achieve the aim of enhancing the protection of transboundary water resources,using the methods of comparison and abstract,this article firstly analyzed and compared the provisions of involved international documents and international practice systematically,then discussed the measures that basin states can take to protect transboundary water resources.These measures include environmental impact assessment,exchanging data and information,supervision,informing,aiding in the circumstances of emergency,controlling pollution,public participation,and so on.The article finally proposed the following measures China can take to protect involved transboundary water resources more effectively:firstly,rigidly enforce such laws and rules as Environmental Impact Assessment Law,Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution;secondly,set up 〖JP2〗transnational water environmental〖JP〗 monitoring network;thirdly, maintain and enhance mutual information exchange and cooperation with neighboring and bordering countries;finally,resume negotiation and signing bilateral and multilateral basin protection agreements with more bordering countries,and set up river basin protection or management commission responsible for the protection and management of involved transnational river basin.