土壤环境汞污染现状及其影响因素研究进展

土壤重金属污染导致土壤环境质量显著降低，影响食品安全、水源水质和空气质量等，严重威胁人类的生存和发展。汞（Hg）作为一种全球性的重金属污染物，广泛分布于多种环境介质中，其中土壤是全球汞最大的储存库。土壤中的汞可通过多种暴露途径进入人体，危害人类健康。伴随着全球气候变暖和人为活动加剧，全球土壤汞污染问题日益严重。然而，目前有关土壤汞污染的基础数据较为缺乏，大范围的土壤汞污染空间分布特征分析相对较少，对于土壤汞污染主控因子的分析方法缺乏系统的阐述。因此，本文基于文献调研的方法，分析了全球的土壤汞污染分布特征，发现全球土壤汞污染主要集中在矿区及工业聚集区，阐述了人为因素、气候条件和土壤环境因素等对土壤汞含量变化的影响，并总结了可应用于土壤汞污染主控因子分析的常用方法及其优缺点。同时，本文对未来土壤汞污染调查和研究进行了3方面的展望，以期为更加科学合理的解决土壤汞污染问题做出贡献。

Mercury Pollution in Soil Environment: Current Status and Its Influencing Factors

Heavy metal pollution reduces soil environmental quality significantly, it also has an important impact on food safety, water quality and air quality, subsequently threatens the survival and development of human. As a global heavy metal pollutant, mercury (Hg) is widely distributed in various environmental media. Soil is the largest reservoir of mercury in the world. Soil mercury can be exposed to the human body through various exposure routes and endanger human health. With global warming and intensified human activities, the problem of global soil mercury pollution is becoming more and more serious. However, the basic data on soil mercury pollution is lack currently. The analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of large-scale soil mercury pollution is relatively rare. Therefore, based on the method of literature investigation, this paper analyzed the distribution characteristics of global soil mercury pollution, and found that global soil mercury pollution is mainly concentrated in mining areas and industrial agglomeration areas. The influence of human factors, climate conditions and soil environmental factors on the change of soil mercury content were expounded. This paper also summarized the common methods that can be applied to the analysis of main control factors about soil mercury pollution and their advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, this paper made three prospects for the future investigation and research of soil mercury pollution, in order to contribute to a more scientific and reasonable solution to the problem of soil mercury pollution.