虚拟水战略:拯救民勤绿洲的新思路

位于甘肃石羊河下游的民绿洲，水资源极度缺乏，生产、生活和生态用水矛盾突出，出现了严重的生态危机，其中湖区的生态经济系统已呈“崩溃”之势。拯救民勤绿洲成为社会广泛关注的重大问题。“虚拟水”是20世纪90年代初Tony Allan提出的一个新概念，虚拟水战略是指贫水区域通过贸易的方式从富水地区购进水资源密集型产品来获得本区水资源安全的一种构想。本文通过对节水、调水、移民等常规方案与虚拟水战略的对比分析后，认为虚拟水战略是拯救民勤绿洲的一个全新思路，探讨了虚拟水战略实施的政策建议；提出了创新区域水资源管理体制和区域经济发展思路以及建立国家生态补偿机制的主张。

VIRTUAL WATER STRATEGY:A NEW IDEA TO RESCUE MINQIN OASIS

Minqin Oasis, where water resources are very scarce, is located in the lower reaches of Shiyang River.The conflict among water demand on production, livelihood and ecology be comes conspicuous.Especially, the eco-economy system in the lake areas is at the risk of collapse due to shortage of water resources. So how to rescue Minqin Oasis is a focus which attracts wide attention at the present time. The concept of virtual water strategy was presented by Tony Allan in the 1990's . Virtual water strategy means the regions where water is scarce could achieve their water security by importing water-intensive products from those whose water is abundant. In this paper, we have compared the virtual water strategy with others such as water saving, water transportation and emigration. The result showed that the virtual water strategy is a new idea to rescue Minqin Oasis in practice. We think that it is necessary to innovate upon the system of water resources management and the thoughts of regional economic development. Meanwhile,the country's eco-compensation mechanism is advocated to be established.