MR imaging of the fetal musculoskeletal system |
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| Authors: | Stefan Franz Nemec Ursula Nemec Peter C. Brugger Dieter Bettelheim Siegfried Rotmensch John M. Graham Jr. David L. Rimoin Daniela Prayer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Medical University Vienna, Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090 Austria;2. Medical University Vienna, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Integrative Morphology Group, Vienna, Austria;3. Medical University Vienna, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy, Vienna, Austria;4. Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA;5. Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Medical Genetics Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, 90048 USA |
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| Abstract: | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be increasingly used, in addition to standard ultrasonography for the diagnosis of abnormalities in utero. Previous studies have recently drawn attention to the technical refinement of MRI to visualize the fetal bones and muscles. Beyond commonly used T2-weighted MRI, echoplanar, thick-slab T2-weighted and dynamic sequences, and three-dimensional MRI techniques, are about to provide new imaging insights into the normal and the pathological musculoskeletal system of the fetus. This review emphasizes the potential significance of MRI in the visualization of the fetal musculoskeletal system. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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