An application of a modified theory of planned behavior model to investigate adolescents’ job safety knowledge,norms, attitude and intention to enact workplace safety and health skills |
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| Institution: | 1. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1090 Tusculum Ave. MS C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226;2. University of Kentucky, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 251C Dickey Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0017;1. Naval Systems Programme Centre, Defence Science & Technology Agency, 1 Depot Road, Singapore 109679, Republic of Singapore;2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore;1. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;3. Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;4. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Canada;2. Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada;3. Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Canada;4. Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s University, Canada;5. Jack and Nora Walker Canadian Centre for Lifespan Development Research, Brock University, Canada;1. Washington State University Vancouver, United States;2. Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;1. Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT;2. Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT |
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| Abstract: | Introduction: For many reasons, including a lack of adequate safety training and education, U.S. adolescents experience a higher rate of job-related injury compared to adult workers. Widely used social-psychological theories in public health research and practice, such as the theory of planned behavior, may provide guidance for developing and evaluating school-based interventions to prepare adolescents for workplace hazards and risks. Method: Using a structural equation modeling approach, the current study explores whether a modified theory of planned behavior model provides insight on 1,748 eighth graders’ occupational safety and health (OSH) attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy and behavioral intention, before and after receiving instruction on a free, national young worker safety and health curriculum. Reliability estimates for the measures were produced and direct and indirect associations between knowledge and other model constructs assessed. Results: Overall, the findings align with the theory of planned behavior. The structural equation model adequately fit the data; most path coefficients are statistically significant and knowledge has indirect effects on behavioral intention. Confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention measures each reflect a unique dimension (reliability estimates ≥0.86), while the subjective norm measure did not perform adequately. Conclusion: The findings presented provide support for using behavioral theory (specifically a modified theory of planned behavior) to investigate adolescents’ knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral intention to engage in safe and healthful activities at work, an understanding of which may contribute to reducing the downstream burden of injury on this vulnerable population—the future workforce. Practical application: Health behavior theories, commonly used in the social and behavioral sciences, have utility and provide guidance for developing and evaluating OSH interventions, including those aimed at preventing injuries and promoting the health and safety of adolescent workers in the U.S., who are injured at higher rates than are adults. |
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| Keywords: | Occupational safety and health Young worker Injury prevention Theory of planned behavior Item response theory Structural equation modeling |
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