Severity of passenger injuries on public buses: A comparative analysis of collision injuries and non-collision injuries |
| |
| Institution: | 1. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;2. School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;3. School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;5. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;1. TUMCREATE Ltd, 1 Create Way, #10-02 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore;2. Technical University of Munich (TUM), Baumbachstraße 7, 81245 München, Germany;3. Nanyang Technological University (NTU), N1-01b-51, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;1. Department of Geography Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana;2. UHasselt- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;3. Vias Institute, Haachtsesteenweg 1405, 1130 Brussels, Belgium;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Building 60, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;2. Monash University Accident Research Centre, Building 70, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;1. Dept. of Geography Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana;2. UHasselt- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;3. Vias Institute, Haachtsesteenweg 1405, 1130 Brussels, Belgium |
| |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Although public buses have been demonstrated as a relatively safe mode of transport, the number of injuries to public bus passengers is far from negligible. Existing studies of public bus safety have focused primarily on injuries caused by collisions. Surprisingly, limited effort has been devoted to identifying factors that increase the severity of passenger injuries in non-collision incidents. Method: Our study therefore investigated the injury risk of public bus passengers involved in collision incidents and non-collision incidents comparatively, based on a police-reported dataset of 17,383 passengers injured on franchised public buses over a 10-year period in Hong Kong. A random parameters logistic model was established to estimate the likelihood of fatal and severe injuries to passengers as a function of various factors. Results: Our results indicated substantial inconsistences in the effects of risk factors between models of non-collision injuries and collision injuries. The severity of passenger injuries tended to increase significantly when non-collision incidents occurred due to excessive speed of bus drivers, on double-decker buses, in less urbanized areas, in winter, in heavy rains, during daytime, and at night without street lighting. Elderly female passengers were also found more likely to be fatally or severely injured in non-collision incidents if they lost their balance while boarding, alighting from, or standing on a bus. In comparison, the following factors were associated with a greater likelihood of fatal or severe injuries in collision incidents: elderly female passengers, standing passengers who lost balance, buses out of driver control, double-decker buses, collisions with vehicles or objects, and less urbanized areas. Practical Applications: Based on our comparative analysis, more targeted countermeasures, namely “4E” (engineering, enforcement, emergency, and education) and “3A” (awareness, appreciation, and assistance), were recommended to mitigate collision injuries and non-collision injuries to public bus passengers, respectively. |
| |
| Keywords: | Public bus Injury severities Collision injuries Non-collision injuries Random parameters |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
