Experimental studies of ignition and explosions in cyclohexane liquid under oxygen oxidation conditions |
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| Institution: | 1. Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy;2. INNOVHUB Stazioni Sperimentali per l’Industria, Divisione SSOG, Via Giuseppe Colombo 79, 20133 Milan, Italy;3. Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon;3. Laboratoire de réactivité de surface, CNRS UMR 7197, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, case courrier 178, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France;1. Biology Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;2. Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7E 5E1, Canada;1. Bio-energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Forest Products and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Forest Products, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The safe operation of hydrocarbon liquid-phase oxidation by air or oxygen requires the knowledge on the flammability of hydrocarbon/oxygen mixtures in both the vapor space and vapor bubbles. The latter is of particular importance in situation where pure oxygen is used as the oxidant as most bubbles are expected to be flammable and explosive. New experimental findings are presented for ignition and explosion in cyclohexane liquid under oxygen oxidation conditions. A bubble column is constructed and fitted with multiple igniters. Experiments were performed at liquid temperatures between 373.15 and 423.15 K under various flow rates of pure oxygen. Two drastic different ignition and explosion behaviors were observed. The first is a typical bubble explosion from the direct ignition of the flammable bubbles in the liquid. The explosion occurs immediate following the ignition and do not produce significant energy that endanger the system. The other is a remote, delayed ignition and explosion in the vapor space that can produce significant overpressure and endanger the system. The explosion is attributed to the ignition of flammable vapor space by active free radicals from cyclohexyl hydroperoxide decomposition. A mechanism is proposed for the remote, delayed ignition to occur in the oxidation system. It is concluded that explosion in an oxidizing, bubbly liquid is not only a likely scenario but also a severe scenario, and cyclohexane oxidation should not be carried out directly with pure oxygen and without any inerting. |
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