突发性灾难重大事件后公众对心理服务的认知和需求

为分析突发性灾难重大事件发生后公众对心理服务的认知和需求现状,采用随机抽样的方法在全国范围内抽取458名群众作为被试,使用“突发性灾难重大事件后公众心理服务认知和需求”调查问卷进行调查。结果显示:①不同性别人群、不同年龄阶段人群对“突发性灾难重大事件后心理服务”的认知存在显著差异(X^2=9.82,p<0.05;X^2=33.99,p<0.05)。②不同年龄阶段的人群对民众开展心理服务的必要性态度存在显著差异(X^2=15.84,p<0.05)。不同文化程度人群、不同性别人群对突发性灾难重大事件后心理服务活动的参与意愿存在显著差异(X^2=7.20,p<0.05;X^2=6.78,p<0.05)。③不同文化程度人群对心理服务知识和技能需求存在显著差异(X^2=28.65,p<0.05),在接受心理服务场所的选择上也存在显著差异(X^2=16.44,p<0.05)。不同年龄阶段人群对接受心理服务场所的选择上存在显著差异(X^2=21.52,p<0.05)。分析结果显示:在遭受突发性灾难重大事件时,公众对心理服务的了解程度一般,但参与意愿和需求强烈,因此,国家和社会应加快社会心理服务体系的建设,促进公众的心理健康。

A Survey on the Public’s Cognition and Demand for Psychological Services after Major Sudden Disaster

In order to analyze the public’s cognition and demand for psychological services after the occurrence of major unexpected disasters.A total of 458 people were selected as subjects by random sampling method,and the questionnaire of public mental health status and service demand after the occurrence of sudden disaster was used.Study results are get as follows:①There were significant differences in cognition of psychological service after sudden disaster among different gender groups and age groups(X^2=9.82,p<0.05;X^2=33.99,p<0.05).②There were significant differences in the attitudes of different age groups in the necessity of psychological services(X^2=15.84,p<0.05).There were significant differences in willingness to participate in psychological service activities among people with different educational levels and genders(X^2=7.20,p<0.05;X^2=6.78,p<0.05).③There were significant differences in the demand for knowledge and skills of psychological service among people with different educational background(X^2=28.65,p<0.05),and there were also significant differences in the choice of psychological service places(X^2=16.44,p<0.05).There were significant differences in the choice of psychological service places among different age groups(X^2=21.52,p<0.05).The results show that:in the event of sudden disaster,the public has a general understanding of psychological services,but strong willingness and demand for participation.Therefore,the state and society should speed up the construction of social psychological service system to promote public mental health.