韧性理论视角下贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理刍议

韧性理论引入灾害风险管理领域,为世界防灾减灾实践提供了新理念,并在国内外韧性城市社区建设中得到广泛应用,但针对乡村地区,尤其是高脆弱性的贫困村韧性社区建设的研究还较为鲜见。该文以韧性理论为基础,结合乡村振兴战略规划,通过对贫困村社会生态系统特征的分析,探讨了新时期我国贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理发展方向及特点。研究发现:贫困村不仅产业经济落后,而且还具有自然环境复杂、基础设建设滞后、社会公益设施匮乏、教育水平较低、自然灾害频发等特点。这类灾害多发区与贫困人口聚集区在空间上的叠加,成为我国社会生态系统高脆弱性地区,面临着严峻的防灾减灾与扶贫开发的双重挑战;基于韧性理论视角,通过构建贫困村适灾韧性系统,开展贫困村社区韧性综合评价,调整贫困村灾后恢复重建规划编制理念等,以推动贫困村灾后恢复重建的转型;在此基础上,结合贫困村社会生态系统特点,以建立健全贫困村灾害风险管理机制、探究提升贫困村适灾韧性社区建设的新途径、协同灾害管理与乡村振兴发展目标、开展灾区恢复重建动态监测与后效评价等政策举措为抓手,深化贫困村灾害风险管理实践,提升贫困地区可持续发展能力。

Research on the Post-disaster Recovery and Reconstruction and Disaster Risk Management of Poor Villages from the Perspective of Resilience Theory

The introduction of the resilience theory into the field of disaster risk management provides new concept for the world’s disaster prevention and mitigation practices and has been widely used in the construction of resilient urban communities at home and abroad.However,the research is relatively rare that focus on the construction of resilient communities in rural areas,especially in poor villages with high vulnerability.Based on the theory of resilience,combined with the strategic planning of rural revitalization,we explore the development direction and characteristics of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction and disaster risk management of poverty-stricken villages in China through the analysis of the characteristics of the social ecosystem of poor villages.It is preliminarily believed that poor villages have backward industrial economy,as well as the characteristics of complex natural environment,lagging infrastructure construction,lack of public welfare facilities,low level of education and frequent natural disasters,etc.The spatial superposition of such disaster-prone areas and poverty-stricken population areas has become a highly vulnerable area of China’s social ecosystem,facing the dual challenges of disaster prevention and reduction and poverty alleviation and development;Based on the perspective of resilience theory,by constructing a disaster resilience system in poor villages,carrying out comprehensive evaluation of the resilience of poor village communities,and adjusting the planning concepts for post-disaster restoration and reconstruction of poor villages,it is necessary to promote the transformation of post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction of poor villages;On this basis,combined with the characteristics of the social ecological system of poor villages,we will establish and improve the disaster risk management mechanism of poor villages,explore new ways to improve the disaster resilience and community construction of poor villages,coordinate disaster management and rural revitalization development goals,and carry out the dynamics of disaster recovery and reconstruction.Policy measures such as monitoring,and after-effect evaluation are the starting point to deepen disaster risk management practices in impoverished villages and enhance the sustainable development capacity of impoverished areas.