湖北远安盐池河1980年“6.3”山崩灾难成因分析

1980年6月3日,湖北省远安县盐池河磷矿发生大规模山崩,造成284人死亡。该文分析认为,山崩是在地形、岩性、构造、采矿和降雨多因素作用下形成的,大规模磷矿采空区的悬板张拉作用是山体顶部开裂的主要因素,顺倾软弱带的强度弱化是开裂山体滑移的根本原因。通过建立盐池河山崩地质模型和力学模型,结合变形监测资料分析,建立了顺倾山体开裂力学判据和开裂后山体滑移力学判据。从减灾文化建设角度,探讨了当事人、管理干部和技术专家在盐池河山崩灾难防范过程中的经验教训和防灾启示,可为闻者戒。

Mechanism Analysis on Yanchihe Avalanche Disaster in Yuan’an,Hubei

On June 3,1980,a large-scale avalanche occurred in the Yanchihe Phosphate Mine in Yuan’an County,Hubei Province,284 people are killed in this disaster.we analyze that avalanches are formed under the action of multiple factors such as topography,lithology,structure,mining and rainfall.The tension of the suspension plates in the large-scale phosphate mine goaf is the main factor for the top cracking of the mountain,and the weakening strength of downdip weak zone is the root cause of cracking mountain slip.Through the establishment of the geological model and mechanical model of Yanchihe avalanche,combined with the analysis of deformation monitoring data,a mechanical criterion for down-dip mountain cracking and a mechanical criterion for mountain sliding after cracking were established.From the perspective of disaster reduction culture,the paper also discusses the experience and lessons of the parties,management cadres and technical experts in the process of Yanchihe avalanche disaster prevention and disaster prevention enlightenment,which can be a warning to those.