全要素视角下中国西部地区能源效率及影响因素

将非期望产出纳入到投入产出指标体系中,运用超效率DEA方法测算出2003~2012年中国29省区的全要素能源效率,利用Malmquist指数对西部地区全要素能源效率变动进行分解,并应用Tobit模型研究了西部地区全要素能源效率的影响因素.结果表明:西部地区全要素能源效率远低于东部地区,也略低于中部地区,说明西部地区整体能源利用效率较低;西部地区省际间全要素能源效率存在明显差异,但这种内部差异近年来逐步缩小;西部地区全要素能源效率在样本期间整体呈下降趋势,技术进步、纯技术效率变化、规模效率变化对全要素能源效率都有显著影响,技术退步是导致西部地区全要素能源效率下降的主要原因;产业结构优化和技术进步对提高全要素能源效率有积极作用,而能源价格和煤炭消费比重对全要素能源效率有负向影响.

Energy efficiency and its determinants of western China: total factor perspective

Incorporating undesirable output in the input-output indicators, the total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 29 Chinese administrative regions during 2003~2012 was computed based on super-efficiency DEA. Then the TFEE of western region was decomposed with Malmquist index and determinants of energy efficiency were examined with Tobit model. Results indicated that energy efficiency of western region was far below that of eastern region, and also below that of central region, which reflected the low level of energy efficiency of western region. TFEE varied among western provinces, but the gap was narrowed in recent years. TFEE of western region showed a decending tendency during research period. TFEE was influenced significantly by technical change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change, and technology degradation was the most significant factor that led to the decline of TFEE of western region. Industrial structure upgrade and technology progress had positive effects on energy efficiency, while energy price and coal consumption had negative effects on energy efficiency.