中国地区人为热分布特征研究

利用中国统计年鉴中全国各省份的非再生能源消费资料和2.5min×2.5min分辨率的人口格点数据,对中国地区人为热排放的时空分布进行研究,讨论了其分布特征和影响因素.结果表明,中国地区人为热通量随时间持续增长,特别是在2000年后增长加速,1985年到2000年从0.09W/m2增长到0.16W/m2,而到2013年已经增长到0.38W/m2.中国地区的人为热排放具有显著的地域特征,在华北、华东和华南,由于人口密度大、经济发达,人为热的污染很严重;在华中地区,人为热污染较严重的区域主要分布在以武汉为中心的经济圈;在东北地区,以大连、沈阳、长春和哈尔滨为中心的城市区域人为热污染也较为严重;而在西北和西南的大部分地区,人为热排放量很小,仅在以成都、重庆为中心的区域较大.历年来全国年均人为热的最大值都出现在上海,其中2010年最大,为113.5W/m2,上海人为热排放的年均值增长明显,可达到0.6W/m2/a.随着城市化进程的加快,人为热的排放愈来愈强,热污染对城市和区域的气候以及空气污染的影响也会越来越重要.

Study on the distribution of anthropogenic heat flux over China

In this study, the temporal and spatial variations of anthropogenic heat flux over China as well as the relevant influence factors were investigated by using the province depended unregenerate energy consumption data from Chinese Statistical Yearbook and the gridding population data with a resolution of 2.5 min. The results show that the anthropogenic heat flux in China has been increased continually since 1985, especially in the period after 2000. The national average anthropogenic heat flux has been increased from 0.09 to 0.16 W/m2 during the period between 1985 and 2000 while to 0.38W/m2 till 2013. The spatial distributions of anthropogenic heat flux are similar to those of population and economy activities. High levels of the fluxes are mostly found in Central (Wuhan), Northeast (Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin), East and South China, with a maximum annual mean value of 113.5W/m2 in Shanghai in 2010, while the lower ones appear in Northwest and Southwest China except for Chengdu and Chongqing. The annual growth of anthropogenic heat flux in Shanghai can reach to 0.6W/m2. Our results might imply that the thermal pollution would get more serious with the rapid growth of the urbanization, which thereby would substantially result in regional climate change and air pollution.