松嫩平原西部湿地自然保护区保护有效性遥感分析

以松嫩平原西部国家级湿地自然保护区为研究对象,以Landsat MSS/TM/OLI遥感影像为基础信息源,综合运用最小均方差、变异系数、景观指数、信息熵模型、地理信息系统空间分析和景观发展强度指数,研究保护区保护有效性变化及其影响因素.结果表明:松嫩平原西部国家级湿地自然保护区保护有效性大致呈递减趋势;1987~2013年人类活动对保护区的干扰强度不断增加,且与保护区保护有效性呈显著负相关;耕地和草地为湿地转出的主要类型,分别占总转出面积的63.71%和21.69%;湿地自然保护区保护有效性的降低是自然环境变化和人类活动影响共同作用的结果,自然环境变化是内因,而人为活动干扰,尤其是开垦造田和水利修建加速了湿地退化.最后,论文就研究中存在的不足以及保护区管理建设中应关注的问题进行了阐述.

Analysis of conservation effectiveness of wetland protected areas based on remote sensing in West Songnen Plain

In this study, the national wetland nature reserves in West Songnen Plain were chosen as the research object, and remote sensing images (Landsat MSS/TM/OLI) were used to obtain the basic information of wetland. Minimum mean square deviation, variation coefficient, landscape metrics, information entropy model, GIS spatial analysis and landscape development intensity index were applied to explore the conservation effectiveness of wetland protected areas and driving factors. Results of this study showed that it was a generally decreasing trend for the conservation effectiveness of protected areas during 1987-2013. The disturbance of human activities on protected areas was increasing between 1987 and 2013. The significant negative correlation between the landscape development intensity index and conservation effectiveness suggested that human activities should be associated with low conservation effectiveness for protected areas. 63.71% and 21.69% of degraded wetlands was converted to farmland and grassland, respectively. The warming and drying climatic trends as well as the influence of human activities were contributed to the decrease of conservation effectiveness. Especially, converting wetlands to farmland and constructing hydraulic engineering accelerated wetland degradation. Finally, the aspects on which should be focused by the managers and governors in the future and the deficiencies existed in this study were discussed.