艾比湖流域大气降尘重金属的污染和健康风险

为了解新疆典型绿洲盆地经济发展背景下大气降尘中重金属的污染状况及潜在健康风险,通过采集样品,测试了其中重金属Zn、Cr、Hg、As、Pb、Cd和Cu含量,然后结合富集因子(EF)、地累积指数(Igeo)和健康风险评估方法进行研究.结果表明:艾比湖流域年降尘通量平均值为298.23g/m2,各月降尘平均值为24.85g/m2,从年内分配来看,艾比湖流域冬半年(2013年8月~2014年2月)大气降尘通量明显大于夏半年 (2014年3~7月),富集系数计算表明,艾比湖流域大气降尘中重金属Cu、Cr和As,主要来自于流域自然地质背景;降尘中重金属Pb、Cd和Hg主要受人为污染因素的影响.地积累指数评价表明艾比湖流域大气降尘中重金属As、Cr、Cu和Zn的无污染等级在全年各月所占比例最大;重金属Pb、Cd和Hg轻污染等级较大,中度污染也占有一定比率.健康风险评价表明艾比湖流域大气降尘中重金属的致癌和非致癌风险概率均较低,不会对流域人体健康造成危害.

Pollution and potential health risk of heavy metals in deposited atmospheric dusts in Ebinur Basin,northwest China.

In order to investigate the pollution situation and potential health risk of heavy metals in deposited dusts in the Ebinur Basin, which is a typical oasis experiencing rapid economic development in Xinjiang, northwest China, contents of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cu in deposited atmospheric dust samples were analyzed. Then by using enrichment factor (EF), Geo-accumulated index (Igeo), and health risk evaluation method to analysis, the results showed that the mean annual dust deposition amount was 298.23g/m2, the average monthly dust deposition amount was 24.85g/m2, and the dust deposition amount in winter season (2013-Aug-2014-Feb) was significantly higher than that in the summer season (2014-Mar-Aug). From the enrichment factor (EF) calculation, Cu, Cr, and As in the deposited atmospheric dusts in Ebinur Basin were mainly from a natural geological background, while Pb, Cd, and Hg were mainly influenced by the anthropogenic pollution.From the geo-accumulated index evaluation (Igeo), the non pollution levels for As, Cr, Cu, and Zn in every month accounted for the largest proportion, however the low pollution levels for Pb, Cd, and Hg were the most, and the moderate pollution levels also account for certain proportions. From the health risk assessment, the carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in the atmosphere dusts were relatively low, and won't cause harm to human health in the basin.